William Alexander Leidesdorff is probably one of the best-kept secrets in the pioneering of the West and the creation of the State of California. Born out of wedlock in St. Croix, Danish West Indies in 1810 to a Jewish Danish sugar planter and a black plantation worker, he went on to become the first Black millionaire when gold was found on his property shortly before he died in 1848.
In the century from the death of Captain James Cook in 1779 to the rise of the sugar plantations in the 1870s, thousands of Kanaka Maoli (Native Hawaiian) men left Hawai‘i to work on ships at sea and in na ‘aina ‘e (foreign lands)—on the Arctic Ocean and throughout the Pacific Ocean, and in the equatorial islands and California. Beyond Hawai‘i tells the stories of these forgotten indigenous workers and how their labor shaped the Pacific World, the global economy, and the environment. Whether harvesting sandalwood or bird guano, hunting whales, or mining gold, these migrant workers were essential to the expansion of transnational capitalism and global ecological change. Bridging American, Chinese, and Pacific historiographies, Beyond Hawai‘i is the first book to argue that indigenous labor—more than the movement of ships and spread of diseases—unified the Pacific World.
"The year 2000 ... marks the sesquicentennial of California's statehood. California entered the Union on September 9, 1850--fewer than three years after the discovery of gold at Sutter's sawmill on January 24, 1848. Such a transformation in so short a span of time seems remarkable itself but not unanticipated, given the great interest shown by the English, French, Russians, and Americans during the 1830s and 1840s in exploiting Mexican California's abundant natural resources. Even before the discovery of gold, the Englishman Sir George Simpson wrote in 1847 that 'the English race, as I have already hinted, is doubtless destined to add this fair and fertile province to its possessions on this continent. ... The only doubt is, whether California is to fall to the British or the Americans.' Gold only hastened what some saw as inevitable. In contemplating California's fate, Simpson referred to what was 'destined' to happen. 'Manifest destiny' became the cliché of many American historians in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who saw the acquisition of California as both the logical and appropriate conclusion to the conquest of North America begun two centuries earlier by the first European colonists. The Huntington's exhibition Land of Golden Dreams takes a broader look at the impact of the Gold Rush on California, the nation, and the world. Like other contemporary historians, Peter Blodgett, curator of Western American historical manuscripts, examines the complete social fabric of California in the decade 1848-58 and its radical transformation, catalyzed by gold discovery, from 'a captured Mexican province to the thirty-first state of the American Union.' He notes that 'the events of the Gold Rush would remain a touchstone for generations of later Californians.' "--From Foreword, page 7.
