This book aims to discuss the technical and ethical challenges posed by the present technological framework and to highlight the fundamental role played by human-centred design and human factors in the definition of robotic architectures for human–robot collaboration. The book gives an updated overview of the most recent robotic technology, conceived and designed to collaborate with human beings in industrial working scenarios. The technological development of robotics over the last years and the fast evolution of AI, machine learning and IoT have paved the way for applications that extend far beyond the typical use of robots performing repetitive tasks in exclusive spaces. In this new technological paradigm that is expected to drive the robotics market in the coming years, robots and workers will coexist in the same workplace, sharing not only this lived space, but also the roles and functions inherent to a process of production, merging the benefits of automated and manual performing. However, having robots cooperating in real time with workers, responding in a physical, psychological and social adequate way, requires a human-centred design that not only calls for high safety standards regulating the quality of human–robot interaction, but also demands the robot's fine-grained perception and awareness of the dynamics of its surrounding environment, namely the behaviours of their human peers—their expected actions/responses—fostering the necessary collaborative efforts towards the accomplishment of the tasks to be executed.
This book explains why and how organizations need to raise employees performance as well as what negative influences to bring to the organization if the organization neglected to learn how to improve employee performance in long time. Why does robotic can improve employee performance? How can employees behaviors influence organizational efficiencies when robotic participate to any organizations? How to evaluate or judge whether employee individual performance may satisfy organization needs? How to improve employee performance when AI participates to cooperate to labor to work together? What negative influences to be caused to the organization, if it neglected to raise employee performance or neglects AI participation to any organizations' tasks ? I hope my readers can learn what the actual mean of organization performance is improved when AI can participate to organization's tasks as well as how and why organizatonal behavior can influence employee performance to be improved or worse to satisfy consumer purchase desire or bring positive emotion when AI participates to labor's tasks.
⦁How robotic and workers coordination in factory conditionThe scientific management conditions in factories were unplanned, there was absence of standardization of methods of work, these was no rational method of assigning workers to their jobs and they were often placed in jobs that they preferred. The work to be done and the methods to be adopted and selection of tools were also determined by workers and robotics. When robotic and workers coordination , it can help organization to reduce a lot of waste of materials, loss or production and inefficiency, there was no coordination between departments and managers did not posses decision making skills, they had no clear idea of the responsibilities. Decisions and standards of work performance were made on the basis provision to the workers and robotics with an opportunity for a " systematic " as well as the purposed restriction of output.Hence, the reason why robotic and workers cooperation can raise productivity or improve performance, it is based on management science on these observations, a scientific theory of management aimed at discovering the one best way of performing any task as well as increasing productivity, revolutionized the idea of optimizing productivity. So, robotic and workers cooperation focused on the most efficient way of managing and making the workers more productive. However, robotic and workers efficient principle may include: To find the best way of doing a job, so that the best method for performing each task could be determined . The most efficient ways of completing tasks and standard work procedures were delivered to enhance productivity. It involved the scientific selection and progressive development of the workers, when robotic can participate to task with workers together. So, when robotic can participate to workers' team tasks, each worker and each robotic would be assigned responsibility for the task for which expected that management can better identify strengths and weaknesses of each worker. Robotic aims to help workers to maximize his/her capacity. The successful factors include to raise productivity, equal division of work and responsibility between managers and robotics and workers, promoting friendly cooperation between managers and workers and robotics would help management for better supervision of its workers as well as reduction of disputes between robotics and workers, raising productivity and efficiency were the primary ends of scientific management aim when robotic participation is implemented to any workers' tasks and they do not need to spend long time training, due to robotic can do the complex tasks.In conclusion, robotic participation can bring these advantages to any organizations. They may include: reducing time and expenditure for staff training, determination of standards of performance, the real problem concerns that no one exactly knew how much work a worker was expected to do in a specific / given time, rather than following any scientific basis, e.g. time and emoton how determines the standard of work performance, avoiding functional supervision and recommended functional foremanship in the organization in which robotics can do complex tasks , when workers can do simple tasks together, managers do not need to spend long time to supervise workers , when robotics can do more complex tasks, every worker is responsible for some specific aspect of the worker's simple task, the division of work between managers and workers and robotics favoring a compute separation of the planning function from the doing function. For example, the linear system or military type of organization in which each worker is subordinate to only one boss; piecework system of wage payment means that workers did as little as possible because under prevalent system of wage hard. Avoiding piece productive number reducing problem, when robotic participation to piecework for motivate then to achieve the highest level of efficiency.
This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.
The subject of social robotics has enormous projected economic significance. However, social robots not only present us with novel opportunities but also with novel risks that go far beyond safety issues. It is a potentially highly disruptive technology which could negatively affect the most valuable parts of the fabric of human social interactions in irreparable ways. Since engineering educations do not yet offer the necessary competences to analyze, holistically assess, and constructively mitigate these risks, new alliances must be established between engineering and SSH disciplines, with special emphasis on the humanities (i.e. disciplines specializing in the analysis of socio-cultural interactions and human experience). The Robophilosophy Conference Series was established in 2014 with the purpose of creating a new forum and catalyzing the research discussion in this important area of applied humanities research, with focus on robophilosophy. Robophilosophy conferences have been the world’s largest venues for humanities research in and on social robotics. The book at hand presents the proceedings of Robophilosophy Conference 2020: Culturally Sustainable Social Robotics, the fourth event in the international, biennial Robophilosophy Conference Series, which brought together close to 400 participants from 29 countries. The speakers of the conference, whose contributions are collected in this volume, were invited to offer concrete proposals for how the Humanities can help to shape a future where social robotics is guided by the goals of enhancing socio-cultural values rather than by utility alone. The book is divided into 3 parts; Abstracts of Plenaries, which contains 6 plenary sessions; Session Papers, with 44 papers under 8 thematic categories; and Workshops, containing 25 items on 5 selected topics. Providing concrete proposals from philosophers and other SSH researchers for new models and methods, this book will be of interest to all those involved in developing artificial ‘social’ agents in a culturally sustainable way that is also – a fortiori – ethically responsible.
Advantages to robotic bring to working environmentWhat advantages that robotic will bring to working environment? They may include: Many people fear that robots or full automation may someday take their jobs, but this is simply not the case. Robots bring more advantages than disadvantages to the workplace. They enrich a company's ability to succeed while improving the lives of real, human employees who are still needed to keep operations running smoothly. If you're thinking about investing in some robots, share the advantages with your employees. You might be surprised at how many of them are quick to support the idea.1. SafetySafety is the most obvious advantage of utilizing robotics. Heavy machinery, machinery that runs at hot temperature, and sharp objects can easily injure a human being. By delegating dangerous tasks to a robot, you're more likely to look at a repair bill than a serious medical bill or a lawsuit. Employees who work dangerous jobs will be thankful that robots can remove some of the risks.2. SpeedRobots don't get distracted or need to take breaks. They don't request vacation time or ask to leave an hour early. A robot will never feel stressed out and start running slower. They also don't need to be invited to employee meetings or training session. Robots can work all the time, and this speeds up production. They keep your employees from having to overwork themselves to meet high pressure deadlines or seemingly impossible standards.3. ConsistencyRobots never need to divide their attention between a multitude of things. Their work is never contingent on the work of other people. They won't have unexpected emergencies, and they won't need to be relocated to complete a different time sensitive task. They're always there, and they're doing what they're supposed to do. Automation is typically far more reliable than human labor.4. PerfectionRobots will always deliver quality. Since they're programmed for precise, repetitive motion, they're less likely to make mistakes. In some ways, robots are simultaneously an employee and a quality control system. A lack of quirks and preferences, combined with the eliminated possibility of human error, will create a predictably perfect product every time.5. Happier EmployeesSince robots are often assigned to perform tasks that people don't particularly enjoy, like menial work, repetitive motion, or dangerous jobs, your employees are more likely to be happy. They'll be focusing on more engaging work that's less likely to grind down their nerves. They might want to take advantage of additional educational opportunities, utilize your employee wellness program, or participate in an innovative workplace project. They'll be happy to let the robots do the work that leaves them feeling burned out.6. Job CreationRobots don't take jobs away. They merely change the jobs that exist. Robots need people for monitoring and supervision. The more robots we need, the more people we'll need to build those robots. By training your employees to work with robots, you're giving them a reason to stay motivated in their position with your company. They'll be there for the advancements and they'll have the unique opportunity to develop a new set of tech or engineering related skills.7. ProductivityRobots can't do everything. Some jobs absolutely need to be completed by a human. If your human employees aren't caught up doing the things that could have easily be left for robots, they'll be available and productive. They can talk to customers, answer emails and social media comments, help with branding and marketing, and sell products. You'll be amazed at how much they can accomplish when the grunt work isn't weighing them down.
The relationship between technological and pedagogical innovation has recently created a new field of research at the crossroads between Psychology, Educational Sciences and Artificial Intelligence: Educational Robotics (ER). Through analysis of the achievable educational goals based on the technological status and specific learning modes of different types of robots, it is possible to define three pedagogical paradigms: learning robotics, learning with robotics, and learning by robotics. In this book we address these three paradigms through three themes: human representations of robots, the acceptance and trust shown when interacting with a humanoid, and learning favored by the development and programming of robots in an educational context. These themes allow the authors to fully explore, define and delimit this novel field of research for future application in educational and social contexts. Finally, the book discusses contributions and limitations which have emerged from different methodologies of research, potential educational applications, and concepts of human–robot interaction for the development of the above paradigms.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR 2021, held in Singapore, Singapore, in November 2021. The conference was held as a hybrid event. The 64 full papers and 15 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 114 submissions. The conference presents topics on humans and intelligent robots and on the integration of robots into the fabric of our society. The theme of the 2021 edition was “Robotics in our everyday lives”, emphasizing on the increasing importance of robotics in human daily living.
