This book describes the fundamental biology and mechanics of the vasculature and examines how this knowledge has underpinned the development of new clinical modalities, including endovascular treatment and vascularization of reconstructed tissue for regenerative medicine. Vascular engineering is a multidisciplinary field integrating vascular biology, hemodynamics, biomechanics, tissue engineering, and medicine. Each chapter offers insights into the dynamics of the circulatory system and explains how the impact of related disease conditions — atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and cerebral infarction — has generated a focus on developing expertise to both maintain and treat the vascular system. As a comprehensive book in this expanding area, Vascular Engineering serves as a valuable resource for clinicians as well as academics and professionals working in biophysics, biomedical engineering, and nano and microrheology. Graduate students in these subject areas will also find this volume insightful.
Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death in developed countries. Revascularization procedures such as coronary artery and peripheral bypass grafts, as well as access surgery represent a 2$ billion market yearly for the US alone. Despite intense research over many decades, no clinically suitable, shelf-ready, synthetic, vascular, small-caliber graft exists. There is therefore still a quest for such a clinical vascular prosthesis for surgical revascularization procedures and access surgery. Many approaches have been tried and are currently under investigation with promising results. These range from acellular and cell-based, stable or bio-degradable, synthetic scaffolds to biological or decellularized grafts, not forgetting self-assembly technologies for in vitro or in vivo VTE. All these approaches can be further enhanced by functionalization, e.g. with growth factors and drug elution. This updatable book aims to cover all the relevant aspects of Vascular Tissue Engineering (VTE) and novel alternatives to develop vascular grafts for clinical applications. The chapters in this book cover different aspects of manufacturing scaffolds with various polymers, mechanical characteristics, degradation rates, decellularization techniques, cell sheet assembly, 3-D printing and autologous mandril-based VTE. All the necessary in vitro tests such as biocompatibility and thrombogenicity are reviewed. Pre-clinical assessment of in vivo experimental models include patency, compliance, intimal hyperplasia, inflammatory reaction, cellular ingrowth and remodeling. Finally, early clinical trials will be periodically updated regarding results, regulatory aspects and post-marketing quality assessment. Furthermore, the reader should get an insight into various approaches, technologies and methods to better understand the complexity of blood surface and cell interactions in VTE. Translational research has yielded early human applications clearly showing the enormous need of research in the field to provide better solutions for our patients and this continuously updated book will hopefully become a reference in the field for life sciences.
This book provides a guiding thread between the distant fields of fluid mechanics and clinical cardiology. Well rooted in the science of fluid dynamics, it drives the reader across progressively more realistic scenarios up to the complexity of routine medical applications. Based on the author’s 25 years of collaborations with cardiologists, it helps engineers learn communicating with clinicians, yet maintaining the rigor of scientific disciplines. This book starts with a description of the fundamental elements of fluid dynamics in large blood vessels. This is achieved by introducing a rigorous physical background accompanied by examples applied to the circulation, and by presenting classic and recent results related to the application of fluid dynamics to the cardiovascular physiology. It then explores more advanced topics for a physics-based understanding of phenomena effectively encountered in clinical cardiology. It stands as an ideal learning resource for physicists and engineers working in cardiovascular fluid dynamics, industry engineers working on biomedical/cardiovascular technology, and students in bio-fluid dynamics. Written with a concise style, this textbook is accessible to a broad readership, including students, physical scientists and engineers, offering an entry point into this multi-disciplinary field. It includes key concepts exemplified by illustrations using cutting-edge imaging, references to modelling and measurement technologies, and includes unique original insights.
This reference work presents the basic principles of angiogenesis induction, including the roles of signaling factors such as hypoxia-inducible factors, biophysical stimulation and angiogenic cells. The book also covers lymphogenesis induction. Both the established fundamentals in the field as well as new trends in the vascularization of engineered tissues are discussed. These include pre-vascularization strategies using preparation of channeled scaffolds and preparation of decellularized blood vessel trees, approaches to inducing formation of microvasculature and approaches to inducing the growth of vascular networks. The authors expand on these concepts with current studies of dual-level approaches to engineer vascularized tissue composites. The book concludes with a discussion of current clinical approaches and the use of vascular grafts in the context of providing clinical practice with new tissue engineering strategies.
The opportunity that tissue engineering provides for medicine is extraordinary. In the United States alone, over half-a-trillion dollars are spent each year to care for patients who suffer from tissue loss or dysfunction. Although numerous books and reviews have been written on tissue engineering, none has been as comprehensive in its defining of the field. Principles of Tissue Engineering combines in one volume the prerequisites for a general understanding of tissue growth and development, the tools and theoretical information needed to design tissues and organs, as well as a presentation of applications of tissue engineering to diseases affecting specific organ systems. The first edition of the book, published in 1997, is the definite reference in the field. Since that time, however, the discipline has grown tremendously, and few experts would have been able to predict the explosion in our knowledge of gene expression, cell growth and differentiation, the variety of stem cells, new polymers and materials that are now available, or even the successful introduction of the first tissue-engineered products into the marketplace. There was a need for a new edition, and this need has been met with a product that defines and captures the sense of excitement, understanding and anticipation that has followed from the evolution of this fascinating and important field.Key Features* Provides vast, detailed analysis of research on all of the major systems of the human body, e.g., skin, muscle, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and nerves* Essential to anyone working in the field* Educates and directs both the novice and advanced researcher* Provides vast, detailed analysis of research with all of the major systems of the human body, e.g. skin, muscle, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, and nerves* Has new chapters written by leaders in the latest areas of research, such as fetal tissue engineering and the universal cell* Considered the definitive reference in the field* List of contributors reads like a "who's who" of tissue engineering, and includes Robert Langer, Joseph Vacanti, Charles Vacanti, Robert Nerem, A. Hari Reddi, Gail Naughton, George Whitesides, Doug Lauffenburger, and Eugene Bell, among others
A Complex and Growing Field The study of vascularization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) and its applications is an emerging field that could revolutionize medical approaches for organ and tissue replacement, reconstruction, and regeneration. Designed specifically for researchers in TERM fields, Vascularization: Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering provides a broad overview of vascularization in TERM applications. This text summarizes research in several areas, and includes contributions from leading experts in the field. It defines the difficulties associated with multicellular processes in vascularization and cell-source issues. It presents advanced biomaterial design strategies for control of vascular network formation and in silico models designed to provide insight not possible in experimental systems. It also examines imaging methods that are critical to understanding vascularization in engineered tissues, and addresses vascularization issues within the context of specific tissue applications. This text is divided into three parts; the first section focuses on the basics of vascularization. The second section provides general approaches for promoting vascularization. The final section presents tissue and organ-specific aspects of vascularization in regenerative medicine. Presents Areas of Substantial Clinical and Societal Impact The material contains research and science on the process of vessel assembly with an emphasis on methods for controlling the process for therapeutic applications. It describes the tissue and organ-specific aspects of vascularization in regenerative medicine, and refers to areas such as bone tissue engineering, vascularization of encapsulated cells, adipose tissue, bone and muscle engineering. It also provides a mechanistic understanding of the process and presentation of experimental and computational approaches that facilitate the study of vascular assembly, and includes enabling technologies such as nanotechnology, drug delivery, stem cells, microfluidics, and biomaterial design that are optimized for supporting the formation of extensive vascular networks in regenerative medicine. A guide for researchers developing new methods for modulating vessel assembly, this text can also be used by senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses focused on TERM.
Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Cardiovascular engineering principles and practices with a focus on disease prevention Aimed at advanced students taking cardiovascular, regenerative, and tissue engineering courses, Cardiovascular Engineering: A Protective Approach explores applications of protective engineering strategies and technologies to common cardiovascular disorders. A protective approach to cardiovascular engineering involves studying the naturally occurring mechanisms that protect molecules, cells, and organs from injury and dysfunction. The goal is to use this understanding to design and develop engineering-based therapeutic strategies and technologies that prevent cardiovascular injury and disease. Readers will learn the fundamental and applied aspects of cardiovascular engineering. Coverage includes: • Foundations of cardiovascular protective engineering • Development of the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells • Stem cells and regeneration • Structure and function of the heart and blood vessels • Cytokines and growth factors in cardiovascular disease • Mechanisms of disease • Systems protective mechanisms against injury • Protective engineering strategies • Systemic hypertension • Atherosclerosis and arterial aneurysms • Ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke • Cardiomyopathies and congenital heart disease
Tissue Engineering is a comprehensive introduction to the engineering and biological aspects of this critical subject. With contributions from internationally renowned authors, it provides a broad perspective on tissue engineering for students coming to the subject for the first time. In addition to the key topics covered in the previous edition, this update also includes new material on the regulatory authorities, commercial considerations as well as new chapters on microfabrication, materiomics and cell/biomaterial interface. - Effectively reviews major foundational topics in tissue engineering in a clear and accessible fashion - Includes state of the art experiments presented in break-out boxes, chapter objectives, chapter summaries, and multiple choice questions to aid learning - New edition contains material on regulatory authorities and commercial considerations in tissue engineering
The first edition of the book was written employing mathematical techniques to formulate the physical principles involved in the structural and functional correlates of the underlying physiology.This current and self-contained second edition updates many of the new findings since its first edition a decade ago. It also includes a new chapter on the 'Interaction with the Heart'. The dynamics of the arterial system, the venous system, the microcirculation and their interaction with the heart are quantitatively described in terms of their structures and functions. Clinical measurements, applications to the cardiovascular field and physiological mechanisms are clearly identified throughout the text. Most importantly, worked examples are provided, such that the readers can appreciate the application aspects of the underlying formulation.
This volume explores the latest techniques used to study the field of tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). The chapters in this book cover a wide array of topics such as deriving vascular cells from monocytes and induced pluripotent stem cells; engineering vascular grafts using various biomaterials and stem cells, stem cell-derived, or primary vascular cells; biomaterial modification by anticoagulation molecules; vascular bioengineering technologies such as 3D bioprinting; and fabrication of TEVGs with different geometry and multiphase structures. This book also features protocols for grafting and evaluation of vascular grafts in animal models, vascular imaging in animals, and the quantification of blood vessel permeability. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Vascular Tissue Engineering: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for biomedical engineers, cell biologists, vascular surgeons, doctors, and nurses.
