VA clinicians use expendable medical supplies (EMS) -- disposable items that are generally used one time -- and reusable medical equipment (RME), which is designed to be reused for multiple patients. VA has policies that VA medical centers (VAMC) must follow when purchasing such supplies and equipment and tracking these items. This report evaluated VA¿s purchasing and tracking of EMS and RME and their potential impact on vets¿ safety. This testimony provides observations on: (1) the extent of compliance with VA¿s requirements for purchasing and tracking of EMS and RME; and (2) steps VA plans to take to improve its oversight of VAMCs¿ purchasing and tracking of EMS and RME. This is a print on demand publication.
VA clinicians use expendable medical supplies--disposable items that are generally used one time--and reusable medical equipment (RME), which is designed to be reused for multiple patients. VA has policies that VA medical centers (VAMC) must follow when purchasing such supplies and equipment and tracking--that is, accounting for--these items at VAMCs. GAO was asked to evaluate VA's purchasing and tracking of expendable medical supplies and RME and their potential impact on veterans' safety. This testimony is based on GAO's ongoing work and provides preliminary observations on (1) the extent of compliance with VA's requirements for purchasing and tracking of expendable medical supplies and RME and (2) steps VA plans to take to improve its oversight of VAMCs' purchasing and tracking of expendable medical supplies and RME. GAO reviewed VA policies and selected three requirements that GAO determined to be relevant to patient safety. At each of the five VAMCs GAO visited, GAO reviewed documents used to identify issues related to the three requirements and interviewed officials to gather further information on these issues. The VAMCs GAO visited represent different surgical complexity groups, sizes of veteran populations served, and geographic regions. GAO also interviewed VA headquarters officials and obtained and reviewed documents regarding VA headquarters' oversight. GAO shared the information in this statement with VA officials. During its preliminary work at the five selected VAMCs, GAO found inconsistent compliance with the three VA purchasing and tracking requirements selected for review. Noncompliance with these requirements created potential risks to veterans' safety. (1) Requirement for VAMC committee review and approval. At two of the VAMCs, officials stated that the required designated committee review and approval occurred for all of the expendable medical supplies and RME that the VAMCs had not previously purchased. These reviews are designed to evaluate the cost of the purchase as well as its likely impact on veterans' care. However, at the remaining three VAMCs, officials stated that the required committee review and approval of the expendable medical supplies, such as those used in conjunction with dialysis machines, did not always occur. As a result, these purchases were made without evaluating the likely impact on veterans' care. (2) Requirement for signatures of purchasing and approving officials. At one of the VAMCs, VAMC officials discovered that a staff member in a dialysis department ordered an expendable medical supply item for use in dialysis machines, without obtaining the required signature of an approving official. That staff member ordered an incorrect item, the use of which presented a risk of exposing veterans to infectious diseases, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus. (3) Requirement for entering information in VA's inventory management systems. Officials from one of the five VAMCs told GAO that information about expendable medical supplies that were ordered on a recurring basis was entered into the appropriate inventory management system, as required. At the remaining four VAMCs, officials told GAO that information about certain expendable medical supplies--those used in a limited number of clinical departments such as dialysis departments--was not always entered into the system. This lack of information can pose a potential risk to veterans' safety; in the event of a recall of these items, these VAMCs may have difficulty determining whether they possess the targeted item. VA reports that it plans to improve its oversight of VAMCs' purchasing and tracking of expendable medical supplies and RME. For example, VA headquarters officials stated that, effective October 1, 2010, VA plans to shift greater responsibility for reviews of purchase card transactions from the VAMCs to the Veterans Integrated Service Networks, which are responsible for overseeing VAMCs. VA headquarters officials also told GAO that VA is developing a new inventory management system, which it expects will help improve VA's ability to track information about expendable medical supplies and RME across VAMCs. VA expects this new system to be operational in March 2011.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) clinicians use expendable medical supplies ¿ disposable items that are generally used one time ¿ and reusable medical equipment (RME), which is designed to be reused for multiple patients. VA has policies that VA medical centers (VAMC) must follow when purchasing such supplies and equipment, tracking these items at VAMCs, and reprocessing ¿ that is, cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing ¿ RME. This report evaluates: (1) purchasing, tracking, and reprocessing requirements in VA policies; and (2) VA¿s oversight of VAMCs¿ compliance with these requirements. Includes recommendations. Charts amd tables. This is a print on demand edition of an important, hard-to-find publication.
Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.
"Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
Much has been written about the care of research animals. Yet little guidance has appeared on protecting the health and safety of the people who care for or use these animals. This book, an implementation handbook and companion to Guide For the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, identifies principles for building a program and discusses the accountability of institutional leaders, managers, and employees for a program's success. It provides a detailed description of risks-- physical and chemical hazards, allergens and zoonoses, and hazards from experiments--which will serve as a continuing reference for the laboratory. The book offers specific recommendations for controlling risk through administrative procedures, facility design, engineering controls, and periodic evaluations. The volume focuses on the worker, with detailed discussions of work practices, the use of personal protective gear, and the development of an emergency response plan. This handbook will be invaluable to administrators, researchers, and employees in any animal research facility. It will also be of interest to personnel in zoos, animal shelters, and veterinary facilities.
