This is the second edition, revised, of The Collections and Programs of the American Antiquarian Society - A 175th Anniversary Guide (1987). The American Antiquarian Society was founded in 1812 by the famed printer-patriot Isaiah Thomas. Today, its library houses the world's best and most accessible collections of material related to the history and culture of the United States to the year 1876.
Prior to the nineteenth century, few Americans knew anything more of Egyptian culture than what could be gained from studying the biblical Exodus. Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt at the end of the eighteenth century, however, initiated a cultural breakthrough for Americans as representations of Egyptian culture flooded western museums and publications, sparking a growing interest in all things Egyptian that was coined Egyptomania. As Egyptomania swept over the West, a relatively young America began assimilating Egyptian culture into its own national identity, creating a hybrid national heritage that would vastly affect the memorial landscape of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Far more than a study of Egyptian revivalism, this book examines the Egyptian style of commemoration from the rural cemetery to national obelisks to the Sphinx at Mount Auburn Cemetery. Giguere argues that Americans adopted Egyptian forms of commemoration as readily as other neoclassical styles such as Greek revivalism, noting that the American landscape is littered with monuments that define the Egyptian style’s importance to American national identity. Of particular interest is perhaps America’s greatest commemorative obelisk: the Washington Monument. Standing at 555 feet high and constructed entirely of stone—making it the tallest obelisk in the world—the Washington Monument represents the pinnacle of Egyptian architecture’s influence on America’s desire to memorialize its national heroes by employing monumental forms associated with solidity and timelessness. Construction on the monument began in 1848, but controversy over its design, which at one point included a Greek colonnade surrounding the obelisk, and the American Civil War halted construction until 1877. Interestingly, Americans saw the completion of the Washington Monument after the Civil War as a mending of the nation itself, melding Egyptian commemoration with the reconstruction of America. As the twentieth century saw the rise of additional commemorative obelisks, the Egyptian Revival became ensconced in American national identity. Egyptian-style architecture has been used as a form of commemoration in memorials for World War I and II, the civil rights movement, and even as recently as the 9/11 remembrances. Giguere places the Egyptian style in a historical context that demonstrates how Americans actively sought to forge a national identity reminiscent of Egyptian culture that has endured to the present day.
"On January 6, 2021, Americans and the world witnessed a mob ransack the US Capitol, the "People's House," as the US Congress attempted to carry out a basic function of democracy, the certification of an election and the peaceful transfer of power. While this attack was unprecedented in its scale, threats to the Capitol are not new; and since the 1990s have included a crazed lone gunman, the attempted Al-Qaeda attack of 9/11, and bioterrorism in the form of anthrax. In addition, time and the weather have taken their toll on the building itself, as Congress chronically does not appropriate enough funds for the Capitol's preservation. The job of sustaining the Capitol building and grounds - as well as the Library of Congress and the Supreme Court - falls to the Architect of the Capitol, who also supervises the Capitol police with the sergeant at arms of the House and the Senate. As the steward of the People's House, the Architect must balance secuirty for the building and members with access by the public. As the 10th Architect of the Capitol, Alan Hantman oversaw the largest development of the Capitol in more than a century, the construction of the Capitol Visitor Center. This book describes the struggle to build the CVC, along with Hantman's negotiations with members of Congress for the funds to repair the Capitol dome and balance security with openness. Hantman was eye witness to some unforgettable scenes with new resonances after January 6th: Al Gore presiding over the certification of his own defeat in January 2001; the shooter who breached the Capitol in 1998 and murdered two police officers; and the evacuation of the Capitol on 9/11 as a hijacked plan approached. This book will be of interest to anyone who, after the tragic events of Jan 6, wants to know more about how the Capitol works a physical space; who runs it, how and why decisions are made about the security of the Capitol and the people who work there; and how politicians think about the Capitol Building"--
This book represents a distinctive approach to cultural analysis, using multi-dimensional methods for addressing issues of public interest. The approach, which deploys Jim McGuigan’s original concept of the cultural public sphere, is demonstrated in several case studies, including: Celebrity death Festivals and urban regeneration Race and multicultural controversy Popular television (for instance, Little Britain and The Apprentice) Social significance of the all-purpose mobile communication device in a privatized and individualized way of life Riskiness and uncertainty at both the levels of environmental politics and working life in the creative and media industries
How a bottom-up problem-solving ethos, multidisciplinary approach, and experimental mindset has nurtured entrepreneurship at MIT. MIT is world-famous as a launching pad for entrepreneurs. MIT alumni have founded at least 30,000 active companies, employing an estimated 4.6 million people, with revenues of approximately $1.9 trillion. In the 2010s, twenty to thirty ventures were spun off each year to commercialize technologies developed in MIT labs (with intellectual property licensed by MIT to these companies); in the same decade, MIT graduates started an estimated 100 firms per year. How has MIT become such a hotbed of entrepreneurship? In From the Basement to the Dome, Jean-Jacques Degroof describes how MIT's problem-solving ethos, multidisciplinary approach, and experimental mindset nurture entrepreneurship. Degroof explains that, at first, the culture of entrepreneurship sprang from such extracurricular activities as forums, clubs, and competitions. Eventually, the Institute formally supported these activities, offering courses in entrepreneurship. Degroof describes why entrepreneurship is so uniquely aligned with MIT's culture: a history of bottom-up decision-making, a tradition of academic excellence, a keen interest in problem-solving, a belief in experimentation, and a tolerance for failure on the way to success. Entrepreneurship is the logical outcome of MIT's motto, Mens et Manus (mind and hand) ), translating theories and scientific discoveries into products and businesses--many of which have the goal of solving some of the world's most pressing problems. Degroof maps MIT's current entrepreneurial ecosystem of students, faculty, and researchers; considers the effectiveness of teaching entrepreneurship; and outlines ways that the MIT story could inspire conversations in other institutions about promoting entrepreneurship.
The definitive history of pawnbroking in the United States from the nation’s founding through the Great Depression, In Hock demonstrates that the pawnshop was essential to the rise of capitalism. The class of working poor created by this economic tide could make ends meet only, Wendy Woloson argues, by regularly pawning household objects to supplement inadequate wages. Nonetheless, businessmen, reformers, and cultural critics claimed that pawnshops promoted vice, and employed anti-Semitic stereotypes to cast their proprietors as greedy and cold-hearted. Using personal correspondence, business records, and other rich archival sources to uncover the truth behind the rhetoric, Woloson brings to life a diverse cast of characters and shows that pawnbrokers were in fact shrewd businessmen, often from humble origins, who possessed sophisticated knowledge of a wide range of goods in various resale markets. A much-needed new look at a misunderstood institution, In Hock is both a first-rate academic study of a largely ignored facet of the capitalist economy and a resonant portrait of the economic struggles of generations of Americans.
The first illustrated, architectural history of the 'Alid shrines, increasingly endangered by the conflict in SyriaThe 'Alids (descendants of the Prophet Muhammad) are among the most revered figures in Islam, beloved by virtually all Muslims, regardless of sectarian affiliation. This study argues that despite the common identification of shrines as 'Shi'i' spaces, they have in fact always been unique places of pragmatic intersectarian exchange and shared piety, even - and perhaps especially - during periods of sectarian conflict. Using a rich variety of previously unexplored sources, including textual, archaeological, architectural, and epigraphic evidence, Stephennie Mulder shows how these shrines created a unifying Muslim 'holy land' in medieval Syria, and proposes a fresh conceptual approach to thinking about landscape in Islamic art. In doing so, she argues against a common paradigm of medieval sectarian conflict, complicates the notion of Sunni Revival, and provides new evidence for the negotiated complexity of sectarian interactions in the period.
