Artificial intelligence (AI) involves opportunities as well as risks; human rights should be strengthened by AI, not undermined. This Recommendation on AI and human rights provides guidance on the way in which the negative impact of AI systems on human rights can be prevented or mitigated, focusing on 10 key areas of action.
This WHO Guidance document discusses ethical and governance issues as they arise in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for health. It contains a set of principles, recommendations, and checklists for selected end-users. The target audience is Ministries of Health, AI developers, health care workers, and industry.
Today we hear more and more often about data protection: but what does it mean? The “protection” concerns natural persons and therefore, their data. The book takes us on a journey through the legislation on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data provided for by the eu Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR), helping us to understand its historical evolution, the ethical and legal principles that guide it and the obligations related to the processing. We should not overlook the issue of information security, also given the most current methods of communication and the development of new tools that offer us connection possibilities through smartphones, e-mail and social networks, however, posing severe risks, especially for minors. The new technological frontiers (Blockchain, IoT, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Drones, Robotics) deserve attention mainly because of the impact on the natural persons and their data; adequate awareness is increasingly necessary also for a correct ethical approach to the issue. The book presents a new and innovative approach to data protection according to the relational model, which we defined DAPPREMO (acronym of Data Protection and Privacy Relationships Model) based on high mathematics as a function of reality analysis.
The technology and application of artificial intelligence (AI) throughout society continues to grow at unprecedented rates, which raises numerous legal questions that to date have been largely unexamined. Although AI now plays a role in almost all areas of society, the need for a better understanding of its impact, from legal and ethical perspectives, is pressing, and regulatory proposals are urgently needed. This book responds to these needs, identifying the issues raised by AI and providing practical recommendations for regulatory, technical, and theoretical frameworks aimed at making AI compatible with existing legal rules, principles, and democratic values. An international roster of authors including professors of specialized areas of law, technologists, and practitioners bring their expertise to the interdisciplinary nature of AI.
As this edition of the Council of Europe Highlights was being finalised, our societies were facing unprecedented medical, social and economic challenges due to the coronavirus crisis. ■ The Council of Europe’s task is to assist our member states in making sure that the measures they take to fight the pandemic do not unduly risk the protection of our common European values of democracy, rule of law and human rights. ■ We are reminded of the foundation of these values this year which marks the 70th anniversary of the European Convention on Human Rights. 2019 – the year covered by these Highlights – marked the 70th anniversary of the Treaty of London in 1949 when the Council of Europe was founded. Since then, Europe has undergone tectonic shifts of its political and economic landscape, not least with the emergence and enlargement of the European Union. ■ The Council of Europe has maintained its own distinct role and place in the international institutional architecture. However, as many of the activities highlighted in this document demonstrate, the Council of Europe and the European Union now work together closely and in a complementary way in the interest of Europe’s citizens. Foreword by Daniel Höltgen (Director of Communications, Spokesperson for the Secretary General) This publication presents the work carried out in 2019 by the different bodies and sectors of the Council of Europe, highlighting its particular strengths and achievements.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of the state of Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially machine learning (ML) applications in public service delivery in Estonia, discussing the manifold ethical and legal issues that arise under both European and Estonian law. Final conclusions and recommendations set out and analyze various policy options for the public sector, taking into account recent developments at the European level – such as the AIA proposal – as well as the experience of countries that have issued principles and guidelines or even laws for the use of ML in the public sector. “For two reasons, this study is relevant not only for an audience which is interested in Estonian administrative law. First, the authors base their legal analysis primarily on EU law and provide a state of the art-analysis of the relevant secondary legislation. This makes the book a reference text for the European debate on public sector AI governance. Second, this study is part of a larger research project in which four specific use cases of public sector AI have been developed and tested. The practical insights gained in these projects have provided the authors with an excellent understanding of the opportunities and risks of the technology, which distinguishes this legal analysis from similar enterprises.” Excerpt from the foreword by Professor Thomas Wischmeyer (University of Bielefeld)
Artificial Intelligence (AI) can benefit our society and economy, but also brings with it new challenges and raises legal and ethical questions. According to the author of this comprehensive analysis, it is imperative to ensure that AI is developed and applied in an appropriate legal and regulatory framework that promotes innovation and investment and, at the same time, addresses the risks associated with certain uses of AI-related technologies. Essential to understanding the relationship between policy and law, this book traces the evolution of EU policy on artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing in particular on the EU’s ethical framework for AI, which defines trust as a prerequisite for ensuring a human-centric approach. The main part of the book provides a thorough and systematic analysis of the Commission’s 2021 proposed AI Act, which establishes harmonised rules for the development, placement on the market and use of AI systems in the EU. The author painstakingly compares the Commission’s proposed AI Act with the numerous “compromise” proposals of the Council of the European Union, leading to the final version of the Council’s AI Act (general approach) and its formal adoption on 6 December 2022. The author also examines with extraordinary detail the amendments proposed by the relevant committees and political groups of the European Parliament, revealing the position the Parliament is likely to adopt in the forthcoming negotiations with the Commission and the Council on the text of the AI Act. Numerous legislative and policy documents are presented in detail, while the analysis also considers the comments made by all interested parties (e.g. the European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament, governmental organisations, national competent authorities, and stakeholders/actors with different/conflicting interests, such as corporations, business and consumer associations, civil society and other non-profit organisations). In the course of its in-depth analysis, this book will provide readers with crucial insight into the reasons behind the European Institutions’ different approaches and the often contradictory interests of stakeholders. Because the policy arguments are carefully balanced and drafted with scrupulous care, this volume will establish itself as a reference resource to be consulted for years to come.
This book argues that ethical evaluation of AI should be an integral part of public service ethics and that an effective normative framework is needed to provide ethical principles and evaluation for decision-making in the public sphere, at both local and international levels. It introduces how the tenets of prudential rationality ethics, through critical engagement with intersectionality, can contribute to a more successful negotiation of the challenges created by technological innovations in AI and afford a relational, interactive, flexible and fluid framework that meets the features of AI research projects, so that core public and individual values are still honoured in the face of technological development. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students, and professionals engaged in public management and ethics management, AI ethics, public organizations, public service leadership and more broadly to public administration and policy, as well as applied ethics and philosophy.
Organizations face a pressing challenge in today's rapidly evolving economies: navigating the ethical complexities of adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) and related technologies. As AI becomes increasingly integral to operations, transparency, fairness, accountability, and privacy concerns are more critical than ever. Organizations need practical guidance to develop and implement AI ethics strategies effectively. Cases on AI Ethics in Business offers a comprehensive solution by examining AI Ethics through theoretical lenses and innovative practices. It provides a roadmap for organizations to address ethical challenges in AI adoption, offering insights from leaders in the field. With a focus on theory-to-practice, the book equips readers with actionable strategies and frameworks to navigate the ethical implications of AI, ensuring responsible and sustainable AI deployment.
Many organizations, including government institutions and agencies, continue to increase their financial investment on information technology (IT) solutions. Despite these investments, during the global pandemic, employees and managers are either struggling or unequipped to use these tools effectively and efficiently for sustainability, competitive advantage, and decision making. Due to global pandemics, companies must harness the power of various digital channels such as big data analytics and artificial intelligence to better serve their customers and business partners. Using Information Technology Advancements to Adapt to Global Pandemics provides insights and understanding on how companies and organizations are using advances in IT to adapt to global pandemics such as COVID-19. It explores how the various IT approaches can be used for strategic purposes. Covering topics such as higher education institutions, religious organizations, and telework, this premier reference source is an essential resource for government officials, business leaders and managers, industry professionals, IT specialists, policymakers, libraries, academicians, students, and researchers.
