Twilight of the Pepper Empire
Twilight of the Pepper Empire

Author: Anthony R. Disney

Publisher: Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press

Published: 1978

Total Pages: 238

ISBN-13:

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This study of the Portuguese commercial empire in India during the Hapsburg years is the most serious attempt yet made to analyze the old Portuguese pepper trade--from the planting of orchards in the foothills of Malabar and Kanara to the unloading of spice-laden carracks in Lisbon. Equally significant, it is the first book to explain how and why the Portuguese were not able to modernize their trade system when faced with crisis conditions. The distress that confronted the Portuguese following the arrival of the Dutch and English, seen here as partly military but fundamentally economic and organizational, reached its decisive stage in the 1620s and early 1630s. The Portuguese attempted to combat the crisis by creating their own India Company. The story of that company and the reasons for its failure are thoroughly investigated as Disney looks at its antecedents, composition, activities, and weaknesses. The author has unearthed much new statistical material from widely scattered manuscript sources and in doing so sheds new light on related problems and issues, such as institutional relations between Spain and Portugal, the careers of individual merchants, and the nature and difficulties of viceregal government in Portuguese India.

Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640
Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640

Author: James C. Boyajian

Publisher: JHU Press

Published: 2008-02-04

Total Pages: 384

ISBN-13: 9780801887543

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This fascinating history reassesses the consequences of Portugal's flourishing private trade with Asia, including increased tensions between the growing urban merchant class and the still-dominant landed aristocracy. James C. Boyajian shows how Portuguese-Asian commerce formed part of a global trading network that linked not only Europe and Asia but also—for the first time—Asia, West Africa, Brazil, and Spanish America. He also argues that, contrary to previous scholarly opinion, nearly half of the Portuguese-Asian trade was controlled by New Christians—descendants of Iberian Jews forcibly converted to Christianity in the 1490s.

The Political Economy of Merchant Empires
The Political Economy of Merchant Empires

Author: James D. Tracy

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1997-09-13

Total Pages: 518

ISBN-13: 9780521574648

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This book focuses on why Europe became the dominant economic force in global trade between 1450 and 1750.

Cross-Cultural Trade in World History
Cross-Cultural Trade in World History

Author: Philip D. Curtin

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1984-05-25

Total Pages: 312

ISBN-13: 9780521269315

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The trade between peoples of differinf cultures, from the ancient world to the commercial revolution.

Renascent Empire?
Renascent Empire?

Author: Glenn Joseph Ames

Publisher: Amsterdam University Press

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9789053563823

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Dit boek is gebaseerd op uitgebreid onderzoek in archieven in Portugal, India, Engeland en Frankrijk en is de eerste monografische studie van een cruciale, maar totnogtoe weinig bestudeerde periode in de geschiedenis van Portugals Aziatische rijk: de jaren 1640-1683. Ames' revisionistische werk laat zien dat in tegenstelling tot het traditionele beeld van onvermijdelijk verval en stagnatie in het Estado da India na 1640, deze jaren een vernieuwende en dynamische hervorming laten zien die de geo-politieke en economische stabilisatie van Portugees Azië rond 1683 tot gevolg hadden. Glenn Ames gaat in op de details van deze fundamentele verandering in het koloniale beleid jegens Azië zoals dat werd geïnitieerd door prins Regent Pedro van Braganza (1668-1702) en later zeer effectief in praktijk werd gebracht door Viceroy Luis de Medonça Furtado e Albuquerque.

The Early Modern European Economy
The Early Modern European Economy

Author: Peter Musgrave

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 1999-06-07

Total Pages: 244

ISBN-13: 1349275352

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Until recently, study of the early modern economy in Europe has tended to have heroes and villains: the former being the progressive and 'modern' economies of the Netherlands and England, and the latter being doomed, backward and Catholic Italy and Spain. This picture has now changed quite drastically, and there is far more emphasis on the general growth of the European economy during this period. The progressive removal of the neighbouring threats to European prosperity (particularly the gradual crippling of Ottoman power) created an environment which benefited all societies and not simply the traditionally emphasised 'Atlantic' economies.

The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c.1340–1665
The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c.1340–1665

Author: David Nicolle

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing

Published: 2012-11-20

Total Pages: 50

ISBN-13: 1849088497

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From humble beginnings, in the course of three centuries the Portuguese built the world's first truly global empire, stretching from modern Brazil to sub-Saharan Africa and from India to the East Indies (Indonesia). Portugal had established its present-day borders by 1300 and the following century saw extensive warfare that confirmed Portugal's independence and allowed it to aspire to maritime expansion, sponsored by monarchs such as Prince Henry the Navigator. During this nearly 300-year period, the Portuguese fought alongside other Iberian forces against the Moors of Andalusia; with English help successfully repelled a Castilian invasion (1385); fought the Moors in Morocco, and Africans, the Ottoman Turks, and the Spanish in colonial competition. The colourful and exotic Portuguese forces that prevailed in these battles on land and sea are the subject of this book.

Vermeer's Hat
Vermeer's Hat

Author: Timothy Brook

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2010-08-01

Total Pages: 289

ISBN-13: 159691727X

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In this critical darling Vermeer's captivating and enigmatic paintings become windows that reveal how daily life and thought-from Delft to Beijing--were transformed in the 17th century, when the world first became global. A Vermeer painting shows a military officer in a Dutch sitting room, talking to a laughing girl. In another canvas, fruit spills from a blue-and-white porcelain bowl. Familiar images that captivate us with their beauty--but as Timothy Brook shows us, these intimate pictures actually give us a remarkable view of an expanding world. The officer's dashing hat is made of beaver fur from North America, and it was beaver pelts from America that financed the voyages of explorers seeking routes to China-prized for the porcelains so often shown in Dutch paintings of this time, including Vermeer's. In this dazzling history, Timothy Brook uses Vermeer's works, and other contemporary images from Europe, Asia, and the Americas to trace the rapidly growing web of global trade, and the explosive, transforming, and sometimes destructive changes it wrought in the age when globalization really began.