Animal Models in Eye Research

Animal Models in Eye Research

Author:

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2011-04-28

Total Pages: 230

ISBN-13: 0080921035

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The eye is a complex sensory organ, which enables visual perception of the world. Thus the eye has several tissues that do different tasks. One of the most basic aspects of eye function is the sensitivity of cells to light and its transduction though the optic nerve to the brain. Different organisms use different ways to achieve these tasks. In this sense, eye function becomes a very important evolutionary aspect as well. This book presents the different animal models that are commonly used for eye research and their uniqueness in evaluating different aspects of eye development, evolution, physiology and disease. - Presents information on the major animal models used in eye research including invertebrates and vertebrates - Provides researchers with information needed to choose between model organisms - Includes an introductory chapter on the different types of eyes, stressing possible common molecular machinery


Photoreceptors and Light Signalling

Photoreceptors and Light Signalling

Author: Alfred Batschauer

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Published: 2007-10-31

Total Pages: 409

ISBN-13: 1847551661

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This book offers comprehensive coverage of the most important areas in photoreceptors and light signalling. Photoreceptors enable most species to sense not only the presence of light but also the information, such as irradiance, colour or spectral distribution, direction and polarization of light. They are vital, therefore, in providing organisms with energy and information about their surroundings, such as day and night cycles. This book covers the range of photoreceptors that have been discovered to date and the broad range of methods used when researching how they operate, including: action spectroscopy; methods for protein purification; the whole range of molecular biological and genetic methods; and numerous spectroscopic methods, from absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to X-ray diffraction, used for solving the structure of photoreceptors. Written by leading experts in the field, Photoreceptors and Light Signalling provides the reader with the most recent results and research. This book will be valued by a wide-range of readers, including students of photochemistry, photobiology, biology, chemistry and physics and other professionals in academia.


Sensory Perception and Transduction in Aneural Organisms

Sensory Perception and Transduction in Aneural Organisms

Author: Giuliano Colombetti

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 1461324971

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This book is based on the lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Sensory Perception and Transduction in Aneural Organisms" held in Volterra (Pisa. Italy) from the third to the fourteenth of September. 1984. The Advanced Study Institute was planned as a high level course dealing with several aspects and problems of sensory perception and transduction of diverse environmental stimuli in aneural organisms. Scientists from different fields and cultural backgrounds were present at the meeting. both as lecturers and as students. The lectures and the discussions that followed represented a well integrated interdisci plinary approach to the questions considered. At the end of the Advanced Study Institute course. it was quite clear that. notwith standing the apparent heterogeneity of the topics dealt with. unifying concepts and ideas already existed, among the most important being the role of membranes and their physicochemical properties. All this should be reflected in the content of this book. We gratefully acknowledge the financial sponsorship of the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO (Brussels), that made both the Advanced Study Institute on "Sensory Perception and Transduction in Aneural Organisms" and this book possible. Finally. we are also indebted to Ms. Pat Parham Morgan who expertly retyped all the chapters of the book and Ms. Leslie Schmidt of Plenum Publishing Co. provided us valuable advice and suggestions on the preparation of this book. G. Colombetti F. Lenci P. S.


Molecular Mechanisms for Sensory Signals

Molecular Mechanisms for Sensory Signals

Author: Edward M. Kosower

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2017-03-14

Total Pages: 457

ISBN-13: 1400887089

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Pursuing the questions of how we learn and how memory is made, Edward Kosower introduces a novel and rich approach to connecting molecular properties with the biological properties that enable us to write and read, to create culture and ethics, and to think. Here he examines what happens within a single cell in reaction to external stimuli, and shows the parallels between single cell and multicellular responses. To address the problem of "learning," Kosower explains the molecular mechanisms of responses to input from taste, olfactory, and visual receptors. He then shows how these and other processes serve as the basis for memory. This study covers such signals for the molecular process of learning as pheromones (the molecular signals mediating behavior), light (activates the G-protein receptor, rhodopsin), and acetylcholine (opens the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor). Kosower's discussion of the structure and function of these complex molecules has direct implications for such areas as molecular neurobiology, bioorganic chemistry, and drug design, in elucidating approaches to the structure of drug targets. Originally published in 1991. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.


Biology of the Chemotactic Response

Biology of the Chemotactic Response

Author: Society for General Microbiology. Symposium

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1990

Total Pages: 426

ISBN-13: 9780521403139

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The tendency of a living organism to move to a more favourable environment is a natural but complex reaction, involving the integration of sometimes conflicting environmental stimuli as well as a coordinated mechanical response. The response of motile, single cell organisms to environmental stimuli provides a useful model for understanding first of all how the environment is monitored and sensed, and secondly how this information is processed to result in an integrated and coordinated response. The volume looks at a large number of well-studied examples of the chemotactic response, in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and casts new light on how cells process information and react to their environment. This fundamental response is of great importance in understanding one of the characteristic features of living organisms.


Bioenergetics

Bioenergetics

Author: Günter Schäfer

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2008-05-24

Total Pages: 327

ISBN-13: 3540786228

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The fermentation of sugar by cell-free yeast extracts was demonstrated more than a century ago by E. Buchner (Nobel Prize 1907). Buchner’s observations put an end to previous animistic theories regarding cellular life. It became clear that metabolism and all cellular functions should be accessible to explication in chemical terms. Equally important for an understanding of living systems was the concept, explained in physical terms, that all living things could be cons- ered as energy converters [E. Schrödinger (Nobel Prize 1933)] which generate complexity at the expense of an increase in entropy in their environment. Bioenergetics was established as an essential branch of the biochemical sciences by the investigations into the chemistry of photosynthesis in i- lated plant organelles [O. Warburg (Nobel Prize 1931)] and by the discovery that mitochondria were the morphological equivalent that catalyzed cellular respiration. The ?eld of bioenergetics also encompasses a large variety of ad- tional processes such as the molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction, the structure and driving mechanisms of microbial ?agellar motors, the energetics of solute transport, the extrusion of macromolecules across membranes, the transformation of quanta of light into visual information and the maintenance of complex synaptic communications. There are many other examples which, in most cases, may perform secondary energy transformations, utilizing - ergy stored either in the cellular ATP pool or in electrochemical membrane potentials.


Biophysics of Photoreceptors and Photomovements in Microorganisms

Biophysics of Photoreceptors and Photomovements in Microorganisms

Author: F. Lenci

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 346

ISBN-13: 1468459880

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This volume contains the lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Biophysics of Photoreceptors and Photomovements in Microorganisms" held in Tir renia (Pisa), Italy, in September 1990. The Institute was sponsored and mainly funded by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO; the Physical Science Committee and the Institute of Biophysics of National Research Council of Italy also supported the School and substantially contributed to its success. It is our pleasant duty to thank these institu tions. Scientists from very different backgrounds contributed to the understanding of this fast developing field of research, which has seen considerable progress during the last years. The areas of expertise ranged from behavioral sciences, supported by sophi sticated techniques such as image analysis or laser light scattering, to spectroscopy, ap plied, in different time domains, to the study of the primary photoreactions, to electro physiology, biochemistry or molecular biology, with the aim of analyzing the various steps of the transduction chains and how they control the motor apparatus of the cells. The organisms studied covered a wide range, from bacteria to algae, fungi and other eukaryotes. Thus, the ASI represented a successful opportunity for carrying on and imple menting an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the biophysical basis of photore ception and photosensory transduction in aneural organisms, with special attention to the basic phenomena and the underlying molecular events. We hope that this book has caught the spirit in which the ASI was conceived.