To Atmos, From Gravity is a dedication the better half we often fail to acknowledge. Atmos is the man in the relationship who shoulders the responsibility to keep the Earth safe and sound. While Gravity, she keeps Atmos stuck strongly to the Earth. Earth? Herein, it implies the relationship between Atmos and Gravity. You see, as humans we often forget, love is not materialistic, rather it is spiritual. It is beyond time and will never die. If you've found your eternal, God me with you and if you haven't, God Bless You.
The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
This book is a multi-author treatise on the most outstanding research problems in the field of the aeronomy of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere, encompassing the science covered by Division II of the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA). It contains several review articles and detailed papers by leading scientists in the field. The book is organized in five parts: 1) Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Dynamics and Chemistry; 2) Vertical Coupling by Upward Propagating Waves; 3) Ionospheric Electrodynamics and Structuring; 4) Thermosphere- Ionosphere Coupling, Dynamics and Trends and 5) Ionosphere-Thermosphere Disturbances and Modeling. The book consolidates the progress achieved in the field in recent years and it serves as a useful reference for graduate students as well as experienced researchers.
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Coupling Processes in the Lower and Middle atmosphere held in Loen, Norway in May 1992 was, in the estimation of apparently all participants, an enormous success. The 18 invited speakers included many of the leaders in the field and resulted in the attendance of a large number of contributing speakers and observers. The subject of the workshop was itself very timely, given the increasing awareness within the international community of the sensitivity of the atmosphere to coupling between adjacent layers, different latitudes, and various scales of motion. It was also very beneficial to bring together researchers with different approaches to the same or similar problems. For example, experimentalists benefitted from the inputs of modelers and theoreticians concerning the needs of current models and the most pressing problems and unknowns. Likewise, theoreticians were challenged to apply themselves to realistic problems and saw their theories tested against geophysical data. These discussions led to meaningful exchanges of ideas and challenges to or displacement of conventional wisdom in some areas. Indeed, possibly the greatest benefit of the workshop was the exposure of many participants to other areas of research or approaches to problems relevant to their own work. Workshop topics were confined to dynamical coupling processes in order to examine progress in a relatively focussed area. Nevertheless, the results presented spanned spatial scales from molecular to global and temporal scales from seconds to decades.
The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Dynamics, Transport am. Photochemistry in the Middle Atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere" was held in San Francisco, California, U.S.A., 15-17 April 1989. In addition to NATO, the workshop was supported by the University of California, Los Angeles, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S.A. (NASA). The American Meteorological Society was a co-operating organization. The venue for the workshop was the Lone Mountain Conference Center of the University of San Francisco. The workshop was organized and directed by Dr A.O'Neill (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, U.K.) and Prof C.R. Mechoso (Dept of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A.). The workshop was the third one held as part of the Middle Atmosphere in the Southern Hemisphere (MASH) project, an international effort (under the auspices of the Middle Atmosphere Program) to learn more about dynamics, transport and photochemistry in the middle atmosphere of the southern hemisphere. Before the discovery that, during recent years, a dramatic thinning of the ozone layer takes place over Antarctica in spring - the "ozone hole" - the middle atmosphere of the southern hemisphere had received much less attention than that of the northern hemisphere from meteorologists and atmospheric chemists. The MASH project was instituted to remedy this comparative lack of interest.