Three-Dimensional Velocity and Vorticity Measuring and Image Analysis Techniques
Three-Dimensional Velocity and Vorticity Measuring and Image Analysis Techniques

Author: Th. Dracos

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 9401587272

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The contents of this volume reflect to a large extent the efforts made by a group of Institutes at the ETH Zürich to develop new techniques for measurements of flows in fluids in the last decade. The motivation came from the study of tr~sport and mixing processes in natural and industrial systems. One of the characteristic properties of turbulence is its high mixing efficiency. The techniques developed are therefore suitable, although not exclusively, for turbulence measurements. They can be subdivided into point-measurements and field-measurements. The aim of the point-measurements developed is to determine the three components of the velocity and all their first derivatives with good temporal resolution and accuracy in turbulent flows. The old and weIl established method of hot-wire anemometry was used for this purpose. One of the main achievements in this context is the construction of miniature multi-wire probes. This technique was introduced to the Institute of Hydromechanics and Water Resources Management of ETH Zürich by Profs. A. Tsinober and E. Kit from Tel-Aviv University. This was made possible by the generous financial support by ETH, for which I would like to express my gratitude on this occasion. In addition, Dr. F.E. Joergensen from DANTEC contributed an example of recent developments in the hardware ofConstant Temperature Anemometry (CTA), for which I am very thankful.

Particle Image Velocimetry
Particle Image Velocimetry

Author: Markus Raffel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-12-19

Total Pages: 267

ISBN-13: 3662036371

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Results from several applications of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to unsteady flows at a laboratory scale have been published, and commercial products are now available for more general laboratory use, but for certain industrially important applications, reliable equipment is often available only from in-house research and development teams. This PIV handbookis intended to transfer know-how from PIV development laboratories to end-users in industry and universities. The book discusses the scientific and technical aspects required to set up a PIV system, allows users to assess the problems involved in the application of PIV, and enables them to design, optimize, and use PIV systems to meet their special needs.

Flow Visualization
Flow Visualization

Author: Alexander J. Smits

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2000

Total Pages: 410

ISBN-13: 1860941931

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Throughout history, flow visualization has been an important tool in fluid dynamics research. It has been used extensively in the fields of engineering, physics, medical science, meteorology, oceanography and sport aerodynamics, to name just a few. The importance of flow visualization led Professor F N M Brown (1971) of the University of Notre-Dame to comment, ?? A man is not a dog to smell out each individual track, he is a man to see, and seeing, to analyze?? This statement encapsulates the importance of first visualizing the flow before proceeding with detailed measurement and mathematical modeling. In addition, there is a great deal of esthetic pleasure to be gained from seeing the results of flow visualization. This aspect of flow visualization reaches out to the general public: we are all familiar with the aspect of clouds in the sky, the trail of cigarette smoke, and the swirling patterns to be seen in rivers and seas.Unlike previous publications which concentrated mainly on the theoretical aspect of flow visualization, this book focuses on the techniques required to perform high quality flow visualization. It is aimed primarily at the practitioner of flow visualization studies. Obtaining good flow visualization results is, in many ways, more an art than a science, and experience plays a deciding role. Hence each chapter of this invaluable volume has been written by an expert in a particular technique.

Subsea Optics and Imaging
Subsea Optics and Imaging

Author: John Watson

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-31

Total Pages: 615

ISBN-13: 0857093525

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The use of optical methodology, instrumentation and photonics devices for imaging, vision and optical sensing is of increasing importance in understanding our marine environment. Subsea optics can make an important contribution to the protection and sustainable management of ocean resources and contribute to monitoring the response of marine systems to climate change. This important book provides an authoritative review of key principles, technologies and their applications.The book is divided into three parts. The first part provides a general introduction to the key concepts in subsea optics and imaging, imaging technologies and the development of ocean optics and colour analysis. Part two reviews the use of subsea optics in environmental analysis. An introduction to the concepts of underwater light fields is followed by an overview of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and an assessment of nutrients in the water column. This section concludes with discussions of the properties of subsea bioluminescence, harmful algal blooms and their impact and finally an outline of optical techniques for studying suspended sediments, turbulence and mixing in the marine environment. Part three reviews subsea optical systems technologies. A general overview of imaging and visualisation using conventional photography and video leads onto advanced techniques like digital holography, laser line-scanning and range-gated imaging as well as their use in controlled observation platforms or global observation networks. This section also outlines techniques like Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral sensing and imaging, laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), optical fibre sensing and LIDAR systems. Finally, a chapter on fluorescence methodologies brings the volume to a close.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Subsea optics and imaging is a standard reference for those researching, developing and using subsea optical technologies as well as environmental scientists and agencies concerned with monitoring the marine environment. - Provides an authoritative review of key principles, technologies and their applications - Outlines the key concepts in subsea optics and imaging, imaging technologies and the development of ocean optics and colour analysis - Reviews the properties of subsea bioluminescence, harmful algal blooms and their impact

Experimental and Computational Techniques in Soft Condensed Matter Physics
Experimental and Computational Techniques in Soft Condensed Matter Physics

Author: Jeffrey Olafsen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-09-02

Total Pages: 339

ISBN-13: 113948981X

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Soft condensed matter physics relies on a fundamental understanding at the interface between physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering for a host of materials and circumstances that are related to, but outside, the traditional definition of condensed matter physics. Featuring contributions from leading researchers in the field, this book uniquely discusses both the contemporary experimental and computational manifestations of soft condensed matter systems. From particle tracking and image analysis, novel materials and computational methods, to confocal microscopy and bacterial assays, this book will equip the reader for collaborative and interdisciplinary research efforts relating to a range of modern problems in nonlinear and non-equilibrium systems. It will enable both graduate students and experienced researchers to supplement a more traditional understanding of thermodynamics and statistical systems with knowledge of the techniques used in contemporary investigations. Color versions of a selection of the figures are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521115902.

Laser Techniques for Fluid Mechanics
Laser Techniques for Fluid Mechanics

Author: R.J. Adrian

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-06-29

Total Pages: 555

ISBN-13: 3662082632

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This volume includes revised and extended versions of selected papers presented at the Tenth International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics held at the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, during the period of July 10 to 13, 2000. The papers describe instrumentation developments for Velocity, Scalar and Multi-Phase Flows and results of measurements of Turbulent Flows, and Combustion and Engines. The papers demonstrate the continuing and healthy interest in the development of understanding of new methodologies and implementation in terms of new instrumentation. The prime objective of the Tenth Symposium was to provide a forum for the presentation of the most advanced research on laser techniques for flow measurements, and communicate significant results to fluid mechanics. The application of laser techniques to scientific and engineering fluid flow research was emphasized, but contributions to the theory and practice of laser methods were also considered where they facilitate new improved fluid mechanic research. Attention was placed on laser-Doppler anemometry, particle sizing and other methods for the measurement of velocity and scalars, such as particle image velocimetry and laser induced fluorescence.

Particle Image Velocimetry
Particle Image Velocimetry

Author: Michel Stanislas

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-03-14

Total Pages: 544

ISBN-13: 9401725438

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The aeronautics industry is presently aiming for faster design cycles and shorter time to market of new aircraft. It is looking at the same time for improved aerodynamic performance, for evident competitive reasons. Advanced, computer based design systems, including fast and reliable numerical flow solvers, have been developed in the last decade including new turbulence models. On the experimental side, measurement techniques in general have also been improved significantly, however the data evaluation process remains still very time consuming, and unsteady effects and turbulence are often not being captured with sufficient accuracy and detail. The development of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has helped to improve the analysis of the flow fields. After investigations in laboratory scale wind tunnels, a joint initiative on PIV research, by the European Aerospace Research Establishments, within GARTEUR have enabled a wide breakthrough of this new technology in Europe. Within the Research Framework Program of the European Union, the joint research project EUROPIV aimed to apply PIV technology to problems of industrial interest.

Mechanical Variables Measurement - Solid, Fluid, and Thermal
Mechanical Variables Measurement - Solid, Fluid, and Thermal

Author: John G. Webster

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2023-06-14

Total Pages: 660

ISBN-13: 1000945162

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Accuracy in the laboratory setting is key to maintaining the integrity of scientific research. Inaccurate measurements create false and non-reproducible results, rendering an experiment or series of experiments invalid and wasting both time and money. This handy guide to solid, fluid, and thermal measurement helps minimize this pitfall through careful detailing of measurement techniques. Concise yet thorough, Mechanical Variables Measurement-Solid, Fluid, and Thermal describes the use of instruments and methods for practical measurements required in engineering, physics, chemistry, and the life sciences. Organized according to measurement problem, the entries are easy to access. The articles provide equations to assist engineers and scientists who seek to discover applications and solve problems that arise in areas outside of their specialty. Sections include references to more specialized publications for advanced techniques, as well. It offers instruction for a range of measuring techniques, basic through advanced, that apply to a broad base of disciplines. As an engineer, scientist, designer, manager, researcher, or student, you encounter the problem of measurement often and realize that doing it correctly is pivotal to the success of an experiment. This is the first place to turn when deciding on, performing, and troubleshooting the measurement process. Mechanical Variables Measurement-Solid, Fluid, and Thermal leads the reader, step-by-step, through the straits of experimentation to triumph.

Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media Manufactured by a Space Holder Method
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Porous Media Manufactured by a Space Holder Method

Author: Xianke Lu

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2020-08-27

Total Pages: 172

ISBN-13: 3030536025

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This book focuses on the effects of the material, porosity, pore size and pore shape on flow behaviour and heat transfer in microscale porous media manufactured using a space holder method. It also describes a novel approach to studying flow behaviour in non-transparent materials such as porous metals via flow visualization in transparent media that mimic the porous structure. The book employs a combination of microparticle image velocimetry – a modern, advanced technique – and pressure drop measurement – a more traditional method – that makes the mechanistic study of several phenomena possible. It covers the identification of various flow regimes and their boundaries, velocity profiles on the microscale, the heat transfer coefficient under forced convection, and the correlation between flow behaviour on the pore scale and the convective heat transfer performance of the porous media. Understanding the fundamentals of porous flow, especially on the microscale, is critical for applications of porous media in heat exchangers, catalytic convertors, chemical reactors, filtration and oil extraction. Accordingly, this book offers a valuable resource for all researchers, graduate students and engineers working in the areas of porous flow and porous materials.