The Venezuela-Guyana Border Dispute
The Venezuela-Guyana Border Dispute

Author: Jacqueline A. Braveboy-wagner

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-07-11

Total Pages: 212

ISBN-13: 1000306895

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The expiration in 1982 of the Protocol of Port-of-Spain reheated a border dispute between Venezuela and Guyana that had been frozen since 1970, Almost at once, Venezuelan ultranationalists asserted the need to recover by force the Essequibo region of Guyana--two-thirds of that country--which Venezuela had long claimed. While rejecting force as a solution, the Venezuelan government has indicated that the Protocol will not be renewed, thus pushing the economically and politically vulnerable Guyana toward new and uncertain negotiations. This book describes the actors and their stake in the conflict, the capacity of each to develop the disputed region, and the implications of the Venezuelan claim for both sides. Incorporating a critical examination of the conflict's historical-legal background, Dr. Braveboy-Wagner chronicles the progress of the dispute through its various stages and describes the attempts of both sides to elicit outside support, especially from other Third World nations. Finally, she assesses the possibilities for a solution by force and by compromise and considers the potential for U.S. involvement.

The Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Dispute: A Victory for Whom?
The Anglo-Venezuelan Boundary Dispute: A Victory for Whom?

Author: María Verónica Valarino de Abreu

Publisher: Lulu.com

Published: 2017-03-18

Total Pages: 74

ISBN-13: 1365833844

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This paper was the dissertation submitted in 1996 to complete her Master of Arts Degree in Latin American Studies at the Institute of Latin American Studies (ILAS) of the University of London. It sought to provide a scholarly account on the circumstances under which the nineteenth century Anglo-Venezuelan territorial dispute on the Esequibo region was resolved, . However, its main purpose is to discuss to what extent the events leading to the arbitration of 1898, and the arbitration decision itself, can be considered at the same time a victory to the United States, the last triumph to the declining British presence in the Western Hemisphere, and one of the greatest failures in the history of the Venezuelan foreign policy

THE TRAIL OF DIPLOMACY
THE TRAIL OF DIPLOMACY

Author: Odeen Ishmael

Publisher: Xlibris Corporation

Published: 2013-12-06

Total Pages: 437

ISBN-13: 1493126563

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This volume, the first of a three-part documentary of the Guyana-Venezuela border issue, gives a general overview of the early history of the colonization of the Essequibo region forming the large western part of Guyana. It presents the background to the origin of the territorial dispute which developed from 1840 and examines the opposing views of proposed boundary lines and the long trail of diplomatic exchanges between Venezuela and Great Britain (the colonial ruler of Guyana, then known as British Guiana). It concludes with the involvement of the United States in support of Venezuela, eventually leading to the international arbitration for a “full, perfect, and final settlement” and the arbitral award which delineated the territorial boundary in 1899.

International Armed Conflict Since 1945
International Armed Conflict Since 1945

Author: Herbert K. Tillema

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-04-08

Total Pages: 347

ISBN-13: 0429715099

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International Armed Conflict Since 1945 is a bibliographic handbook that briefly describes each of 269 international wars and other war-threatening conflicts occurring between 1945 and 1988. .

Anglo-American Diplomacy and the Reopening of the Guyana-Venezuela Boundary Controversy, 1961-1966
Anglo-American Diplomacy and the Reopening of the Guyana-Venezuela Boundary Controversy, 1961-1966

Author: Cedric L Joseph

Publisher: Trafford Publishing

Published: 2008-11-17

Total Pages: 538

ISBN-13: 1426936486

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This book is about Anglo-American involvement in the reopening of the border controversy between Guyana, formerly British Guiana, and Venezuela. The dispute over the border commenced in the mid-nineteenth century when Venezuela asserted a claim to some two-thirds of the territory of the British colony. Great Britain’s refusal to refer the delimitation of the border to arbitration developed into a major crisis in Anglo-American affairs in 1895. The United States had assessed the issue as a major challenge to the Monroe Doctrine and it would provoke the two English-speaking powers close to military conflict. In 1899, an arbitral tribunal met in Paris and agreed unanimously on the boundary line between British Guiana and Venezuela. That boundary line has been universally accepted. In 1962 at the height of the Cold War, Venezuela repudiated the award claiming that it was a “political deal”. Fidel Castro had assumed power in Cuba and there were anxieties about the spread of Communism in the Americas, particularly in British Guiana during the pre-independence premiership of Marxist oriented Cheddi Jagan. Cedric Joseph examines the primary documents relating to the diplomacy of the administrations of John F Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson and British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. He explores their special relationships, sympathies and acute predisposition towards Venezuela that permitted the reopening of the boundary issue and ultimately sacrificed the territorial integrity of Guyana. He also establishes the collusion between Suriname’s claim to territory in Guyana and the Venezuelan claim.

Intervention, Border and Maritime Issues in CARICOM
Intervention, Border and Maritime Issues in CARICOM

Author: Kenneth Hall

Publisher: Ian Randle Publishers

Published: 2007

Total Pages: 461

ISBN-13: 9766373183

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The maritime land and river boundary disputes between the adjacent South American countries of Suriname and Guyana existed long before the two nations gained independence from colonialism. Both countries claim sovereignty over three regions: the Courantyne River which separates them; the New River Triangle, which lies at the southern edge of the adjacent countries; and part of the Caribbean Sea, which extends north from their coastlines. The issue was of little importance until the discovery of important natural resources in the contested regions: gold deposits were found in the New River Triangle and offshore petroleum opportunities arose on the continental shelf. When both nations realized that timely resolution was economically crucial, they renewed efforts to achieve a comprehensive bilateral demarcation. However, a mutually agreeable settlement has proved far more elusive than anticipated.In Intervention Border and Maritime Issues in CARICOM, the contributors address this ongoing boundary dispute as well other maritime disputes between Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago and Guatemala and Belize. The background of the disputes are discussed in the context of international law as well as CARICOM s intervention and non-intervention. The major conflicts have tested the goodwill and ability of member states and CARICOM to find common ground at the leadership level. At a time when the Community is grappling with the erosion of preferential agreements as well as competition for aid from countries in the east of an expanded Europe, striking a harmonious balance with the self-interests of individual states in order to resolve conflict is of supreme importance.Recommendations for the resolution of conflict are offered, including a strengthening of Community mechanisms so as to avoid inciting external interference and intervention in any form. The assertion of individual interests however, will continue to test the flexibility and resourcefulness of CARICOM in absorbing and accommodating these interests. CARICOM must find a way between an inter-governmental approach and a supranational approach that best represents the interests of all of its members.

Preventive Diplomacy at the UN
Preventive Diplomacy at the UN

Author: Bertrand G. Ramcharan

Publisher: Indiana University Press

Published: 2008-05-07

Total Pages: 296

ISBN-13: 0253000165

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The concept of preventive diplomacy has captivated the United Nations since it was first articulated by Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld a half-century ago. Successive generations of diplomats and statesmen have invested in the idea that diplomatic efforts might be able to head off international conflicts and disasters. Dramatic successes, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, contrast with dramatic failures, such as the inability of UN efforts to halt the invasion of Iraq in 2003. In this careful study, distinguished former UN civil servant Bertrand G. Ramcharan traces the history of the practice of preventive diplomacy by UN Secretaries-General, the Security Council, and other UN organizations, and assesses the record of preventive diplomacy and examines its prospects in an age of genocide and terrorism.

Border Disputes [3 volumes]
Border Disputes [3 volumes]

Author: Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly

Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA

Published: 2015-07-28

Total Pages: 1299

ISBN-13: 1610690249

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An ideal resource for anyone studying current events, social studies, geopolitics, conflict resolution, and political science, this three-volume set provides broad coverage of approximately 80 current international border disputes and conflicts. Border disputes are a common source of political instability and military conflict around the globe, both in the present day and throughout history. Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia will serve as an invaluable resource for students studying social studies, political science, human geography, or related subjects. Each volume of this expansive encyclopedia begins with an accessible introduction to the type of dispute to be discussed, identifying the conflict as territorial (Volume 1), positional (Volume 2), or functional (Volume 3). Following the background essay in each volume are comprehensive case study entries on specific international conflicts, examining the disputed area, the reasons for the dispute, and cultural, political, historical, and legal issues relating to the dispute. The third volume will also provide primary documents of legal rulings and important resolutions of various disputes, as well as profiles of key organizations relating to border studies and specific border dispute commissions.