The Theory of Cosmic Grains
The Theory of Cosmic Grains

Author: N.C. Wickramasinghe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 316

ISBN-13: 9401134022

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Light scattering and absorption by small homogeneous particles can be worked-out exactly for spheres and infinite cylinders. Homogeneous particles of irregular shapes, when averaged with respect to rotation, have effects that can in general be well-approximated by reference to results for these two idealised cases. Likewise, small inhomogeneous particles have effects similar to homogeneous particles of the same average refractive index. Thus most problems can be solved to a satisfactory approximation by reference to the exact solutions for spheres and cylinders, which are fully stated here in the early part of the book. The sum of scattering and absorption, the extinction, is too large to be explained by inorganic materials, provided element abundances in the interstellar medium are not appreciably greater than solar, H 0 and NH3 being essentially excluded in the 2 general medium, otherwise very strong absorptions near 3p,m would be observed which they are not. A well-marked extinction maximum in the ultraviolet near 2200A has also not been explained satisfactorily by inorganic materials. Accurately formed graphite spheres with radii close to O.02p,m could conceivably provide an explanation of this ultraviolet feature but no convincing laboratory preparation of such spheres has ever been achieved.

Cosmology and Controversy
Cosmology and Controversy

Author: Helge Kragh

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2021-03-09

Total Pages: 515

ISBN-13: 0691227713

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For over three millennia, most people could understand the universe only in terms of myth, religion, and philosophy. Between 1920 and 1970, cosmology transformed into a branch of physics. With this remarkably rapid change came a theory that would finally lend empirical support to many long-held beliefs about the origins and development of the entire universe: the theory of the big bang. In this book, Helge Kragh presents the development of scientific cosmology for the first time as a historical event, one that embroiled many famous scientists in a controversy over the very notion of an evolving universe with a beginning in time. In rich detail he examines how the big-bang theory drew inspiration from and eventually triumphed over rival views, mainly the steady-state theory and its concept of a stationary universe of infinite age. In the 1920s, Alexander Friedmann and Georges Lemaître showed that Einstein's general relativity equations possessed solutions for a universe expanding in time. Kragh follows the story from here, showing how the big-bang theory evolved, from Edwin Hubble's observation that most galaxies are receding from us, to the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Sir Fred Hoyle proposed instead the steady-state theory, a model of dynamic equilibrium involving the continuous creation of matter throughout the universe. Although today it is generally accepted that the universe started some ten billion years ago in a big bang, many readers may not fully realize that this standard view owed much of its formation to the steady-state theory. By exploring the similarities and tensions between the theories, Kragh provides the reader with indispensable background for understanding much of today's commentary about our universe.

A Great Man of Science
A Great Man of Science

Author: Francis A. Andrew

Publisher: Trafford Publishing

Published: 2015-09-22

Total Pages: 162

ISBN-13: 1490751807

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Francis Andrew has completed a monumental ten year task of writing appraisals on all of the published works of the late Sir Fred Hoyle. It is truly a worthwhile accomplishment as all of Hoyles books are now out of print. Francis Andrews work therefore offers a great service in preserving the thoughts of one the twentieth centurys greatest minds. Gihan, Weerasekara. Dompe, Sri Lanka. A Great Man of Great Science covers all of Sir Fred Hoyles publications from his fi rst in 1950 to his last in 2001. Francis Andrews appraisal of each of these works is the next best thing to reading the original works of Hoyle himself. After reading these appraisals, one could well be tempted to take the next step and read the actual works of Hoyle. Siddhant Bahuguna. Uttar Pradesh, India. Francis A. Andrew has truly done a magnificent job in writing appraisals for each of Sir Fred Hoyles works. As Francis style of writing has done so much to make Hoyle come alive and inject into his works a relevancy for the twenty fi rst century, so it would be that even if readers of this volume were unacquainted with any of Hoyles books, they would surely be tempted to procure for themselves the original works of Hoyle. Ajinkya Bhede. Maharashtra, Nagpur, India.

Proofs That Life Is Cosmic: Acceptance Of A New Paradigm
Proofs That Life Is Cosmic: Acceptance Of A New Paradigm

Author: Nalin Chandra Wickramasinghe

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2017-10-17

Total Pages: 186

ISBN-13: 9813233125

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This is a revisit of a radical theory of cometary panspermia and cosmic life that was first proposed by Chandra Wickramasinghe and the late Sir Fred Hoyle in 1982. In its earliest form the theory of cosmic life started off as a speculation in 1974 after the first discovery of complex organic molecules and polymeric dust in interstellar space. The speculation soon developed into a serious scientific theory, predictions of which were available to be verified or falsified. Over four decades there have been a multitude of tests and predictions of the theory being positive in vindicating the proposition of life as a cosmic rather than a purely terrestrial phenomenon. A paradigm shift of enormous magnitude and significance is to be expected.The ideas and theories described in this book would have a far-reaching influence affecting the future development of diverse branches of science.

Eight Preposterous Propositions
Eight Preposterous Propositions

Author: Robert Ehrlich

Publisher: Princeton University Press

Published: 2021-04-13

Total Pages: 264

ISBN-13: 069122840X

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Placebo cures. Global warming. Extraterrestrial life. Psychokinesis. In a time when scientific claims can sound as strange as science fiction--and can have a profound effect on individual life or public policy--assessing the merits of a far-out, supposedly scientific idea can be as difficult as it is urgent. Into the breach between helpless gullibility and unyielding skepticism steps physicist Robert Ehrlich, with an indispensable guide to making sense of "scientific" claims. A series of case studies of some of the most controversial (and for the judging public, deeply vexing) topics in the natural and social sciences, Ehrlich's book serves as a primer for evaluating the evidence for the sort of strange-sounding ideas that can shape our lives. A much-anticipated follow-up to his popular Nine Crazy Ideas in Science, this book takes up issues close to readers' everyday reality--issues such as global warming, the dangers of cholesterol, and the effectiveness of placebos--as well as questions that resonate through (and beyond) civic life: Is intelligent design a scientific alternative to evolution? Is homosexuality primarily innate? Are people getting smarter or dumber? In each case, Ehrlich shows readers how to use the tools of science to judge the accuracy of strange ideas and the trustworthiness of ubiquitous "experts." As entertaining as it is instructive, his book will make the work of living wisely a bit easier and more reliable for scientists and nonscientists alike.

The Search For Our Cosmic Ancestry
The Search For Our Cosmic Ancestry

Author: Nalin Chandra Wickramasinghe

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2014-10-21

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 9814616990

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The idea that life is a cosmic, rather than a purely terrestrial phenomenon, has progressed from scientific heresy to mainstream science within the short timespan of a few decades. The theory of cometary panspermia developed by Fred Hoyle and the present author in the 1970's has been vindicated by a spate of new discoveries in astronomy and biology, and also with startling new evidence of microbial fossils in meteorites and micrometeorites. The recent Kepler Telescope searches for exoplanets have indicated the presence of over 100 billion habitable planets separated by only a few light years, thus making panspermia and the transfer of microbial life between such planets an inevitable fact. The book presents a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the Hoyle-Wickramasinghe theory of cometary panspermia in a manner accessible to a wide general readership.

The Cosmic Century
The Cosmic Century

Author: Malcolm S. Longair

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2006-06-15

Total Pages: 453

ISBN-13: 0521474361

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Reviews the historical development of all the key areas of modern astrophysics.

Reports on Astronomy
Reports on Astronomy

Author: Jacqueline Bergeron

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 603

ISBN-13: 9401111006

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IAU Transactions are published as a volume corresponding to each General Assembly. Volume A is produced prior to the Assembly and contains Reports on Astronomy, prepared by each Commission President. The intention is to summarize the astronomical results that have affected the work of the Commission since the production of the previous Reports up to a time which is about one year prior to the General Assembly. Volume B is produced after the Assembly and contains accounts of Commission Meetings which were held, together with other material. The reports included in the present volume range from outline summaries to lengthy compilations and references. Most reports are in English.

A Journey with Fred Hoyle
A Journey with Fred Hoyle

Author: Chandra Wickramasinghe

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 2013

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 9814436135

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This is the story of the author''s unique scientific journey with one of the most remarkable men of 20th century science. The journey begins in Sri Lanka, the author''s native country, with his childhood acquaintance with Fred Hoyle''s writings. The action then moves to Cambridge, where the famous HoyleOCoWickramasinghe collaborations begin. A research programme which was started in 1962 on the carbonaceous nature of interstellar dust leads, over the next two decades, to developments that are continued in both Cambridge and Cardiff. These developments prompt Hoyle and the author to postulate the organic theory of cosmic dust (which is now generally accepted), and then to challenge one of the most cherished paradigms of contemporary science OCo the theory that life originated on Earth in a warm primordial soup.This new edition examines the many scientific developments that have transpired since the first edition was published. The discovery of bacteria in the upper reaches of the atmosphere, biological signatures in meteorites, spectroscopy of high-z galaxies and more all mesh with many of the ideas that had their origin in the first edition. Pushing into the future, the updated text examines the many experiments and probes currently operating or planned that will shed more light on the theory of planetary panspermia. A Journey with Fred Hoyle is an intriguing book that delineates the progress of a collaboration spanning 40 years, through a sequence of personal reflections, anecdotes and reminiscences.