Climatology and Analysis of the Monterey Bay Sea Breeze

Climatology and Analysis of the Monterey Bay Sea Breeze

Author: Robert D. Round

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 126

ISBN-13:

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Sea breeze events on the Monterey Bay are examined from a single station at the mouth of the Salinas Valley. Data analyzed are continuous, two- minute meteorological samples of windspeed, wind direction, temperature, dew point, incoming shortwave irradiance, and incoming longwave irradiance. A speed index is defined using the average hourly maximum and minimum windspeeds oriented in the cross-shore direction thereby reflecting the thermally induced diurnal windspeed enhancement. Large-scale effects on this mesoscale circulation are presented through evaluation of changes in boundary layer depth with changes in speed index. Changes in boundary layer depth as reflected in trends of inland stratus penetration and offshore flow provide insight for anticipating sea breeze intensity.


Synoptic-scale Influence on the Monterey Bay Sea-breeze

Synoptic-scale Influence on the Monterey Bay Sea-breeze

Author: Michael Charles Knapp

Publisher:

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 112

ISBN-13:

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The diurnal fluctuations of the surface ambient wind associated with the sea-breeze are analyzed for the period May 01 through September 30, 1993 from a single station, Monterey airport, located on the southern Monterey Bay coast. Data analyzed included time series of wind speed, wind direction, clouds, precipitation and locally generated 3 hourly surface pressure analyses of California and the Pacific northwest. The characteristics of the sea-breeze circulation under varying synoptic-scale patterns are evaluated to determine the modifying roles of boundary layer stability, surface inversion strength, and low-level cloud amount on the resultant time of onset and peak intensity of the Monterey Bay sea-breeze. The primary modifying factor under all synoptic-scale pressure patterns was the boundary layer depth and stability with the differential heating taking longer to destabilize the boundary layer during the Trough regime.


Evolution of Diurnal Surface Winds and Surface Currents for Monterey Bay

Evolution of Diurnal Surface Winds and Surface Currents for Monterey Bay

Author: Michael D. Foster

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 114

ISBN-13:

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The diurnal-period fluctuations of winds and surface currents are analyzed for September 1992 in and around Monterey Bay. Wind records are compared for three coastal stations and two mooring sites. Remotely-sensed surface current observations from two CODAR (HF radar) sites are used to explore the ocean's response to diurnal-period forcing. An average diurnal cycle is formed at each wind station and at all CODAR bins. The earliest sea breeze response is seen at the coastal wind stations where morning winds accelerate toward the coastal mountain ranges. A few hours later, the coastal winds accelerate to the southeast down the Salinas Valley. Offshore afternoon winds rotate from their normal alongshore orientation to also become aligned with the valley. The CODAR-derived surface currents respond in less than the two-hour sampling rate to the onset of the diurnal onshore winds. Currents accelerate in the direction of the Salinas Valley. As the day progresses, the more offshore currents rotate clockwise out from under the winds in a possible Ekman or inertial adjustment that continues throughout the night and spreads onshore. In the afternoon, a complicated eddy pattern develops near shore in a possible response to the coastal boundary.


The Death and Life of Monterey Bay

The Death and Life of Monterey Bay

Author: Stephen R Palumbi

Publisher: Island Press

Published: 2011-01-26

Total Pages: 225

ISBN-13: 1597269875

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Anyone who has ever stood on the shores of Monterey Bay, watching the rolling ocean waves and frolicking otters, knows it is a unique place. But even residents on this idyllic California coast may not realize its full history. Monterey began as a natural paradise, but became the poster child for industrial devastation in John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row,and is now one of the most celebrated shorelines in the world. It is a remarkable story of life, death, and revival—told here for the first time in all its stunning color and bleak grays. The Death and Life of Monterey Bay begins in the eighteenth century when Spanish and French explorers encountered a rocky shoreline brimming with life—raucous sea birds, abundant sea otters, barking sea lions, halibut the size of wagon wheels,waters thick with whales. A century and a half later, many of the sea creatures had disappeared, replaced by sardine canneries that sickened residents with their stench but kept the money flowing. When the fish ran out and the climate turned,the factories emptied and the community crumbled. But today,both Monterey’s economy and wildlife are resplendent. How did it happen? The answer is deceptively simple: through the extraordinary acts of ordinary people. The Death and Life of Monterey Bay is the biography of a place, but also of the residents who reclaimed it. Monterey is thriving because of an eccentric mayor who wasn’t afraid to use pistols, axes, or the force of law to protect her coasts. It is because of fishermen who love their livelihood, scientists who are fascinated by the sea’s mysteries, and philanthropists and community leaders willing to invest in a world-class aquarium. The shores of Monterey Bay revived because of human passion—passion that enlivens every page of this hopeful book.


Characterization of OSCR HF Radar Data in Monterey Bay

Characterization of OSCR HF Radar Data in Monterey Bay

Author: Kimberley F. Boyer

Publisher:

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 108

ISBN-13:

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A 53-hour long record of surface current data from the OSCR HF radar system was gathered over Monterey Bay on 6-8 May, 1995. In this study, OSCR data is evaluated with regard to semi-diurnal (M2) and diurnal (K1) tidal period fluctuations, the seabreeze, seabreeze influenced flow, and both standard and cannonical-day mean flow patterns. The OSCR data is considered on its own and in comparison to similar data types previously gathered by CODAR, a previously established Monterey Bay HF radar system. Two of three CODAR sites were co- located with the two OSCR sites. Internal wave influence is observed in the M2 tidal constituent analysis and the seabreeze greatly influences fluctuations of the K1 tidal period. Results from analysis of OSCR data replicated or reinforced data and results from the CODAR system. Initial OSCR data appears not to have been significantly affected by possible distortion of the phased-array beam patterns. However, contamination of OSCR returns by simultaneous activation of the CODAR systems is apparent in the data.


Characterization of Tidal Currents in Monterey Bay from Remote and In-situ Measurements

Characterization of Tidal Currents in Monterey Bay from Remote and In-situ Measurements

Author: Emil T. Petruncio

Publisher:

Published: 1993

Total Pages: 124

ISBN-13:

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A first order description of tidal heights and currents in Monterey Bay is provided. Analysis of sea level records indicate that a mixed, predominantly semidiurnal tide nearly co-oscillates within the bay. Analysis of month-long moored ADCP records obtained in the winter and summer of 1992 reveals that tidal-band currents account for approximately 50 percent of the total current variance in the upper ocean (20-200 m). A relatively strong (7 cm/s) fortnightly tide (MSf) is present in both seasons. Considerable rotation of the semidiurnal ellipse orientations occurs with depth during both seasons. A month- long record of surface current measurements obtained with CODAR, an HF radar system, during September 1992 reveals that the Monterey Submarine Canyon clearly influences the strength and direction of semidiurnal (M2) tidal currents. Good agreement exists between the strength and orientation of ADCP- and CODAR-derived tidal ellipses, with the exception of the constituent K1. Large, spatially uniform K1 surface currents (20-30 cm/s) appear to be the result of diurnal sea breeze forcing.


Numerical Weather and Climate Prediction

Numerical Weather and Climate Prediction

Author: Thomas Tomkins Warner

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2010-12-02

Total Pages: 549

ISBN-13: 1139494317

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This textbook provides a comprehensive yet accessible treatment of weather and climate prediction, for graduate students, researchers and professionals. It teaches the strengths, weaknesses and best practices for the use of atmospheric models. It is ideal for the many scientists who use such models across a wide variety of applications. The book describes the different numerical methods, data assimilation, ensemble methods, predictability, land-surface modeling, climate modeling and downscaling, computational fluid-dynamics models, experimental designs in model-based research, verification methods, operational prediction, and special applications such as air-quality modeling and flood prediction. This volume will satisfy everyone who needs to know about atmospheric modeling for use in research or operations. It is ideal both as a textbook for a course on weather and climate prediction and as a reference text for researchers and professionals from a range of backgrounds: atmospheric science, meteorology, climatology, environmental science, geography, and geophysical fluid mechanics/dynamics.


Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author:

Publisher:

Published: 1995

Total Pages: 456

ISBN-13:

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Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.