The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes
The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1990-02-01

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 0309127874

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Water and other fluids play a vital role in the processes that shape the earth's crust, possibly even influencing earthquakes and volcanism. Fluids affect the movement of chemicals and heat in the crust, and they are the major factor in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Yet, fluids have been overlooked in many geologic investigations. The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes addresses this lack of attention with a survey of what experts know about the role of fluids in the Earth's crustâ€"and what future research can reveal. The overview discusses factors that affect fluid movement and the coupled equations that represent energy and mass transport processes, chemical reactions, and the relation of fluids to stress distribution.

The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes
The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes

Author: National Research Council

Publisher: National Academies Press

Published: 1990-01-01

Total Pages: 184

ISBN-13: 030904037X

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Water and other fluids play a vital role in the processes that shape the earth's crust, possibly even influencing earthquakes and volcanism. Fluids affect the movement of chemicals and heat in the crust, and they are the major factor in the formation of hydrothermal ore deposits. Yet, fluids have been overlooked in many geologic investigations. The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes addresses this lack of attention with a survey of what experts know about the role of fluids in the Earth's crustâ€"and what future research can reveal. The overview discusses factors that affect fluid movement and the coupled equations that represent energy and mass transport processes, chemical reactions, and the relation of fluids to stress distribution.

Fluids in the Crust
Fluids in the Crust

Author: K. Shmulovich

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 1994-12-31

Total Pages: 348

ISBN-13: 9780412563201

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For much of the 20th century, scientific contacts between the Soviet Union and western countries were few and far between, and often super ficial. In earth sciences, ideas and data were slow to cross the Iron Curtain, and there was considerable mutual mistrust of diverging scient ific philosophies. In geochemistry, most western scientists were slow to appreciate the advances being made in the Soviet Union by os. Korz hinskii, who put the study of ore genesis on a rigorous thermodynamic basis as early as the 1930s. Korzhinskii appreciated that the most fun damental requirement for the application of quantitative models is data on mineral and fluid behaviour at the elevated pressures and temper atures that occur in the Earth's crust. He began the work at the Institute of Experimental Mineralogy (IEM) in 1965, and it became a separate establishment of the Academy of Sciences in Chernogolovka in 1969. The aim was to initiate a major programme of high P-T experimental studies to apply physical chemistry and thermodynamics to resolving geological problems. For many years, Chernogolovka was a closed city, and western scient ists were unable to visit the laboratories, but with the advent of peres troika in 1989, the first groups of visitors were eagerly welcomed to the IEM. What they found was an experimental facility on a massive scale, with 300 staff, including 80 researchers and most of the rest pro viding technical support.

Metasomatism and the Chemical Transformation of Rock
Metasomatism and the Chemical Transformation of Rock

Author: Daniel Harlov

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-08-14

Total Pages: 804

ISBN-13: 3642283934

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Fluid-aided mass transfer and subsequent mineral re-equilibration are the two defining features of metasomatism and must be present in order for metamorphism to occur. Coupled with igneous and tectonic processes, metasomatism has played a major role in the formation of the Earth’s continental and oceanic crust and lithospheric mantle as well as in their evolution and subsequent stabilization. Metasomatic processes can include ore mineralization, metasomatically induced alteration of oceanic lithosphere, mass transport in and alteration of subducted oceanic crust and overlying mantle wedge, which has subsequent implications regarding mass transport, fluid flow, and volatile storage in the lithospheric mantle overall, as well as both regional and localized crustal metamorphism. Metasomatic alteration of accessory minerals such as zircon or monazite can allow for the dating of metasomatic events as well as give additional information regarding the chemistry of the fluids responsible. Lastly present day movement of fluids in both the lithospheric mantle and deep to mid crust can be observed utilizing geophysical resources such as electrical resistivity and seismic data. Such observations help to further clarify the picture of actual metasomatic processes as inferred from basic petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical data. The goal of this volume is to bring together a diverse group of geologists, each of whose specialities and long range experience regarding one or more aspects of metasomatism during geologic processes, should allow them to contribute to a series of review chapters, which outline the basis of our current understanding of how metasomatism influences and helps to control both the evolution and stability of the crust and lithospheric mantle.

Groundwater in Geologic Processes
Groundwater in Geologic Processes

Author: Steven E. Ingebritsen

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 1999-10-28

Total Pages: 372

ISBN-13: 9780521664004

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Explores the role of subsurface fluids in geologic processes - ideal for graduate-level hydrogeologists and geologists.

Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part II
Earthquake Processes: Physical Modelling, Numerical Simulation and Data Analysis Part II

Author: Mitsuhiro Matsu'ura

Publisher: Birkhäuser

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 360

ISBN-13: 3034881975

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In the last decade of the 20th century, there has been great progress in the physics of earthquake generation; that is, the introduction of laboratory-based fault constitutive laws as a basic equation governing earthquake rupture, quantitative description of tectonic loading driven by plate motion, and a microscopic approach to study fault zone processes. The fault constitutive law plays the role of an interface between microscopic processes in fault zones and macroscopic processes of a fault system, and the plate motion connects diverse crustal activities with mantle dynamics. An ambitious challenge for us is to develop realistic computer simulation models for the complete earthquake process on the basis of microphysics in fault zones and macro-dynamics in the crust-mantle system. Recent advances in high performance computer technology and numerical simulation methodology are bringing this vision within reach. The book consists of two parts and presents a cross-section of cutting-edge research in the field of computational earthquake physics. Part I includes works on microphysics of rupture and fault constitutive laws, and dynamic rupture, wave propagation and strong ground motion. Part II covers earthquake cycles, crustal deformation, plate dynamics, and seismicity change and its physical interpretation. Topics in Part II range from the 3-D simulations of earthquake generation cycles and interseismic crustal deformation associated with plate subduction to the development of new methods for analyzing geophysical and geodetical data and new simulation algorithms for large amplitude folding and mantle convection with viscoelastic/brittle lithosphere, as well as a theoretical study of accelerated seismic release on heterogeneous faults, simulation of long-range automaton models of earthquakes, and various approaches to earthquake predicition based on underlying physical and/or statistical models for seismicity change.

Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions in Petroliferous Basins
Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions in Petroliferous Basins

Author: Vivekanandan Nandakumar

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2021-06-24

Total Pages: 298

ISBN-13: 012817417X

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Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions in Petroliferous Basins trains readers to detect Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions (HCFIs) in sedimentary rocks, particularly the wafer preparation techniques to visualize HCFIs, its distinction from aqueous inclusions, petrographic approaches to HCFIs, microthermometric observations on HCFIs, fluorescence emission spectra and Raman spectra of HCFIs, and their interpretations for the petroleum industry. The book features case studies from the Mumbai and Kerala Konkan Basins of the Western Offshore of India - two representative basins where new, non-destructive, fluid inclusion techniques were tested. This book is essential reading for students of petroleum geology and those working in exploration in the oil and gas industry. - Helps readers to identify Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions (HCFIs) in sedimentary basins - Covers how to determine the oil window, API gravity and chemical constituents in HCFIs - Includes case studies on key offshore basins

Contact Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism

Author: Derrill M. Kerrick

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2018-12-17

Total Pages: 864

ISBN-13: 1501509616

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Volume 26 of Reviews in Mineralogy provides a multidisciplinary review of our current knowledge of contact metamorphism. As in any field of endeavor, we are provided with new questions, thereby dictating future directions of study. Hopefully, this volume will provide inspiration and direction for future research on contact metamorphism. The Mineralogical Society of America sponsored the short course on Contact Metamorphism, October 17-19, 1991, at the Pala Mesa Resort, Fallbrook, California, prior to its annual meeting with the Geological Society of America.

Dynamics of Earth's Fluid System
Dynamics of Earth's Fluid System

Author: Shivendra Nath Rai

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2002-01-01

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 9789058092366

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This text describes several geological processes, such as the lithospheric deformation and evolution of groundwater resources, which are directly or indirectly influenced by the movements of subsurface fluids from crustal level to the Earth's core.