Numismatic Finds of the Americas
Numismatic Finds of the Americas

Author: John M. Kleeberg

Publisher:

Published: 2009

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9780897223119

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This exciting new work collects together for the first time the evidence for hoards, buried treasure and other finds of numismatic material from the Americas. An inventory enumerates approximately 900 coin finds, chiefly from the United States, but also from Canada and most other countries in the Americas. This is supplemented with a listing of 150 finds of American coins outside the Americas. Each entry contains the find spot, date of discovery, date of deposit, detailed description of the contents, and a bibliography. The inventory exploits the numismatic, shipwreck, and archaeological literatures, newspapers, and law reports of treasure trove cases more thoroughly than has ever been done before.

The Order of Minims in Seventeenth-Century France
The Order of Minims in Seventeenth-Century France

Author: P.J.S. Whitmore

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 9401034915

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Thinking of the text from the Dies frae (S. Matthew, XXV, 40). It is also probable that this other Saint Francis, partly out of admiration for his illustrious compatriot of Assisi and partly from a compelling urge to be superlative in all things, chose the title in opposition to the Franciscans, the Fratres Minori, l who had previously adopted this style taken from Saint Matthew, XXIII, 8. The title "Minim" was confirmed in these words" ... eosque Eremitos Ordinis Minimorum Fratrum Eremitarum F. Francesci de Paula in posterum nuncupari," taken from the Papal Bull, Meritis religiosae vitae, of 26 February, 1493. The earliest reference to the Order in France is in a fragment preserved in the Bibliotheque de l'Arsenal called, La regle et vie de Frere Franfois, pauvre et humble hermite de Paule, laquelle donne a tous ses 2 freres voulant entrer et vivre en son ordre. The dating of this manuscript should be accepted with considerable reserve; it bears a clearly legible "1474," although it seems most unlikely that any reference to an Order occurred before the Bull of 1493 or that any Rule appeared in French before the Founder's visit to Louis XI in 1483. 3 The fame of Francis and his reputation as a "guerisseur" had reached the French court where Louis XI was sick and dying; the King summoned him to the chateau of Le Plessis-Ies-Tours, but it required the intervention of the Pope to make the hermit undertake the journey

A Socialist Empire
A Socialist Empire

Author: Louis Baudin

Publisher:

Published: 2011-08

Total Pages: 466

ISBN-13: 9781614271536

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2011 Reprint of 1961 Edition. Many social scientists have attempted to lump the unique Inca society into modern political and economic categories. Louis Baudin argued that Incan society was socialistic. He claimed that the ayllu system is what classified the Inca as a system of state socialism. Baudin defines state socialism as being based on the idea of the regulative action of a central power in social relations. According to Baudin, the idea of private property in Europe had been in existence for centuries, but no such idea existed at the times of the Incas. He claims, that society in Peru rested on a foundation of collective ownership which, to a certain extent, facilitated its establishment, because the effacement of the individual within a group prepared him to allow himself to be absorbed. Baudin argued that the higher ranking Incas tried, and succeeded to an extent, to force a degree of uniformity on the common Inca. The Inca were forced to dress similarly, eat the same food, practice the same religion, and speak the same language, Quechua.