Railways of the North Pennines
Railways of the North Pennines

Author: Tom Bell

Publisher: The History Press

Published: 2015-03-02

Total Pages: 280

ISBN-13: 0750963506

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This illustrated history describes how the two pioneering railways of northern England, the Stockton and Darlington and Newcastle and Carlisle railways, developed from unsuccessful canal proposals and how they, with the ill-fated Stanhope and Tyne Railway, initiated the development of the railway system that served the North Pennine Orefield. It reveals the public and private railways, as well as proposed lines, and the recovery and extensions of the Stockton and Darlington Railway until the North Eastern Railway took over in the early 1860s. Dr Tom Bell’s impressive research also explores the subsequent slow but continuous decline as the minerals became exhausted, to the situation today when all that is left are three different tourist lines, one of which is trying to revive the mineral traffic.

The Northern Counties from AD 1000
The Northern Counties from AD 1000

Author: Norman Mccord

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-10-08

Total Pages: 482

ISBN-13: 1317871375

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Informative, vivid and richly illustrated, this volume explores the history of England's northern borders – the former counties of Northumberland, Cumberland, Durham, Westmorland and the Furness areas of Lancashire – across 1000 years. The book explores every aspect of this changing scene, from the towns and poor upland farms of early modern Cumbria to life in the teeming communities of late Victorian Tyneside. In their final chapters the authors review the modern decline of these traditional industries and the erosion of many of the region's historical characteristics.

The Vital Century
The Vital Century

Author: John Rule

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2014-06-06

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 1317870700

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Long neglected, the Eighteenth Century is now the focus for much of the most exciting work in history today. This new research has so altered and expanded our understanding of the Georgian economy that some historians now question the very idea of an `Industrial Revolution'. John Rule uses the latest scholarship for a comprehensive and magisterial review -- of population, output, agriculture, manufacture, labour, communications, towns, finance and domestic and overseas markets -- through which he reassesses the `vital century' in which the contours of the modern economy first emerge to view. An analytical survey which offers the first comprehensive economic history of the C.18th.

Trace Metals in the Environment and Living Organisms
Trace Metals in the Environment and Living Organisms

Author: Philip S. Rainbow

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2018-08-23

Total Pages: 767

ISBN-13: 1108672507

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Trace metals play key roles in life - all are toxic above a threshold bioavailability, yet many are essential to metabolism at lower doses. It is important to appreciate the natural history of an organism in order to understand the interaction between its biology and trace metals. The countryside and indeed the natural history of the British Isles are littered with the effects of metals, mostly via historical mining and subsequent industrial development. This fascinating story encompasses history, economics, geography, geology, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, ecology, ecotoxicology and above all natural history. Examples abound of interactions between organisms and metals in the terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine, coastal and oceanic environments in and around the British Isles. Many of these interactions have nothing to do with metal pollution. All organisms are affected from bacteria, plants and invertebrates to charismatic species such as seals, dolphins, whales and seabirds. All have a tale to tell.

Victorian Religious Revivals
Victorian Religious Revivals

Author: David Bebbington

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2012-05

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0199575487

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A study of religious revival in its broad historical and historiographical context. David Bebbington provides detailed case-studies of religious awakenings that took place between 1841 and 1880 in Britain, North America and Australia, looking at pre-conditions, causes, and trends for the phenomenon.