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Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Published: 2013-08-21
Total Pages: 292
ISBN-13: 0486315770
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThese logic puzzles provide entertaining variations on Gödel's incompleteness theorems, offering ingenious challenges related to infinity, truth and provability, undecidability, and other concepts. No background in formal logic necessary.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Knopf
Published: 2012-07-04
Total Pages: 286
ISBN-13: 0307962466
DOWNLOAD EBOOKForever Undecided is the most challenging yet of Raymond Smullyan’s puzzle collections. It is, at the same time, an introduction—ingenious, instructive, entertaining—to Gödel’s famous theorems. With all the wit and charm that have delighted readers of his previous books, Smullyan transports us once again to that magical island where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie. Here we meet a new and amazing array of characters, visitors to the island, seeking to determine the natives’ identities. Among them: the census-taker McGregor; a philosophical-logician in search of his flighty bird-wife, Oona; and a regiment of Reasoners (timid ones, normal ones, conceited, modest, and peculiar ones) armed with the rules of propositional logic (if X is true, then so is Y). By following the Reasoners through brain-tingling exercises and adventures—including journeys into the “other possible worlds” of Kripke semantics—even the most illogical of us come to understand Gödel’s two great theorems on incompleteness and undecidability, some of their philosophical and mathematical implications, and why we, like Gödel himself, must remain Forever Undecided!
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Knopf
Published: 2012-05-30
Total Pages: 281
ISBN-13: 0307819825
DOWNLOAD EBOOKMore than two hundred new and challenging logic puzzles—the simplest brainteaser to the most complex paradoxes in contemporary mathematical thinking—from our topmost puzzlemaster (“the most entertaining logician who ever lived,” Martin Gardner has called him). Our guide to the puzzles is the Sorcerer, who resides on the Island of Knights and Knaves, where knights always tell the truth and knaves always lie, and he introduces us to the amazing magic—logic—that enables to discover which inhabitants are which. Then, in a picaresque adventure in logic, he takes us to the planet Og, to the Island of Partial Silence, and to a land where metallic robots wearing strings of capital letters are noisily duplicating and dismantling themselves and others. The reader’s job is to figure out how it all works. Finally, we accompany the Sorcerer on an alluring tour of Infinity which includes George Cantor’s amazing mathematical insights. The tour (and the book) ends with Satan devising a diabolical puzzle for one of Cantor’s prize students—who outwits him! In sum: a devilish magician’s cornucopia of puzzles—a delight for every age and level of ability.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Published: 2010-04-21
Total Pages: 162
ISBN-13: 0486474356
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis fanciful, original collection for readers of all ages features arithmetic puzzles, logic problems related to crime detection, and logic and arithmetic puzzles involving King Arthur and his Dogs of the Round Table.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Published: 2009-01-01
Total Pages: 242
ISBN-13: 048647027X
DOWNLOAD EBOOK"Another scintillating collection of brilliant problems and paradoxes by the most entertaining logician and set theorist who ever lived." — Martin Gardner. Inspired by the classic tale of a prisoner's dilemma, these whimsically themed challenges involve paradoxes about probability, time, and change; metapuzzles; and self-referentiality. Nineteen chapters advance in difficulty from relatively simple to highly complex.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 1992-08-20
Total Pages: 156
ISBN-13: 0195364376
DOWNLOAD EBOOKKurt Godel, the greatest logician of our time, startled the world of mathematics in 1931 with his Theorem of Undecidability, which showed that some statements in mathematics are inherently "undecidable." His work on the completeness of logic, the incompleteness of number theory, and the consistency of the axiom of choice and the continuum theory brought him further worldwide fame. In this introductory volume, Raymond Smullyan, himself a well-known logician, guides the reader through the fascinating world of Godel's incompleteness theorems. The level of presentation is suitable for anyone with a basic acquaintance with mathematical logic. As a clear, concise introduction to a difficult but essential subject, the book will appeal to mathematicians, philosophers, and computer scientists.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 2000
Total Pages: 258
ISBN-13: 0192801422
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe author of Forever Undecided, Raymond Smullyan continues to delight and astonish us with his gift for making available, in the thoroughly pleasurable form of puzzles, some of the most important mathematical thinking of our time.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Dover Math Games & Puzzles
Published: 2011
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9780486481982
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA celebrated mathematician presents more than 200 increasingly complex problems that delve into Gödel's undecidability theorem and other examples of the deepest paradoxes of logic and set theory. Solutions.
Author: Raymond M. Smullyan
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Published: 2014-03-19
Total Pages: 292
ISBN-13: 0486782972
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCombining stories of great writers and philosophers with quotations and riddles, this original text for first courses in mathematical logic examines problems related to proofs, propositional logic and first-order logic, undecidability, and other topics. 2014 edition.
Author: Roger Penrose
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 1994
Total Pages: 484
ISBN-13: 9780195106466
DOWNLOAD EBOOKPresents the author's thesis that consciousness, in its manifestation in the human quality of understanding, is doing something that mere computation cannot; and attempts to understand how such non-computational action might arise within scientifically comprehensive physical laws.
