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Author: Carl W. Roberts
Publisher: BRILL
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 219
ISBN-13: 9004162356
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book introduces a theoretical perspective for distinguishing all mass societiesa (TM) persons, situations, and cultures in accordance with four modalities (e.g., ability for most U.S. citizens, necessity for most Scandinavians, obligation for most Japanese, and permission for most Arabs)
Author: Carl Roberts
Publisher: BRILL
Published: 2008-08-31
Total Pages: 218
ISBN-13: 9047441893
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis is a book about how people understand each other. Like Simmel’s writings and works written by Foucault and Goffman toward the ends of their careers, this book depicts interactions as behavioral forms. Its novelty is that it grounds these forms in linguistic structure, particularly in the ubiquitous presence of modality in discourse within all mass societies. Its concluding argument is that all persons, situations, and cultures have mutual significance in accordance with four fundamental modal forms: ability (most common in the United States), necessity (most common in the socialist countries of Western Europe and Scandinavia), obligation (most common in ancient Chinese and Indic societies), and permission (most common in the Islamic world).
Author: Susan L. Michlovitz
Publisher: F. A. Davis Company
Published: 2012
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9780803623910
DOWNLOAD EBOOKEditions for 10- cataloged as a serial in LC.
Author: William E. Prentice
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Published: 2011-04-02
Total Pages: 621
ISBN-13: 0071739300
DOWNLOAD EBOOKComprehensive Coverage of Therapeutic Modalities Used in a Clinical Setting A Doody's Core Title for 2011! Therapeutic Modalities in Rehabilitation is a theoretically based but practically oriented guide to the use of therapeutic modalities for practicing clinicians and their students. It clearly presents the basis for use of each different type of modality and allows clinicians to make their own decision as to which will be the most effective in a given situation. Presented in full color, the text describes various concepts, principles, and theories that are supported by scientific research, factual evidence, and experience of the authors in dealing with various conditions. The chapters in this text are divided into six parts: Part I––Foundations of Therapeutic Modalities begins with a chapter that discusses the scientific basis for using therapeutic modalities and classifies the modalities according to the type of energy each uses.. Guidelines for selecting the most appropriate modalities for use in different phases of the healing process are presented. Part II––Electrical Energy Modalities includes detailed discussions of the principles of electricity, and electrical stimulating currents, iontophoresis, and biofeedback. Part III––Thermal Energy Modalities discusses those modalities which produce a change in tissue temperatures through conduction including thermotherapy and cryotherapy. Part IV-Sound Energy Modalities discusses those modalities that utilize acoustic energy to produce a therapeutic effect. These include therapeutic ultrasound and a lesser known modality-extracorporal shockwave therapy. Part V––Electromagnetic Energy Modalities includes chapters on both the diathermies and low-level laser therapy. Part VI––Mechanical Energy Modalities includes chapters on traction, intermittent compression and therapeutic massage. Each chapter ins Parts II-IV discuss: the physiologic basis for use, clinical applications, specific techniques of application through the use of related laboratory activities, and relevant individual case studies for each therapeutic modality.
Author: Werner Abraham
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2020-09-17
Total Pages: 455
ISBN-13: 1108861083
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWhat do we mean when we say things like 'If only we knew what he was up to!' Clearly this is more than just a message, or a question to our addressee. We are expressing simultaneously that we don't know, and also that we wish to know. Several modes of encoding contribute to such modalities of expression: word order, subordinating subjunctions, sentences that are subordinated but nevertheless occur autonomously, and attitudinal discourse adverbs which, far beyond lexical adverbials of modality, allow the speaker and the listener to presuppose full agreement, partial agreement under presupposed conditions, or negotiation of common ground. This state of the art survey proposes a new model of modality, drawing on data from a variety of Germanic and Slavic languages to find out what is cross-linguistically universal about modality, and to argue that it is a constitutive part of human cognition.
Author: Bert Cornillie
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Published: 2008-08-27
Total Pages: 329
ISBN-13: 3110204487
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the Spanish evidential semi-auxiliaries parecer and resultar, the modal constructions with amenazar and prometer, and the modal auxiliaries poder, deber and tener que. These verbs have never been considered together in a global approach that transcends the classical "verbal periphrases" model. The book proposes a cognitive-functional account of evidentiality and modality in Spanish with special attention to subjectivity and grounding. The theoretical reflection relies on empirical evidence of two sorts: synchronic and diachronic corpus-analyses alternate with tests that measure the semantic and pragmatic compatibility of the evidential and epistemic constructions with specific sentences. Following the assumption that linguistic forms are determined by their meaning, the array of constructions that characterizes the different verbs justifies their grouping in three pairs of (semi-)auxiliaries: parecer vs resultar, amenazar vs prometer and poder vs deber/tener que. The distributional differences observed in the corpus are further shown to correlate with different degrees of grammaticalization. Primarily intended for scholars working in the field of Spanish functional linguistics, the monograph is also relevant for grammaticalization studies and for cognitive-semantic research at large. Given its combined theoretical and applied character, the volume is also of interest to anyone concerned with syntactic processes, lexical semantics or the wider area of discourse analysis and pragmatics.
Author: Werner Abraham
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Published: 2012-05-29
Total Pages: 470
ISBN-13: 3110271079
DOWNLOAD EBOOKModality is the way a speaker modifies her declaratives and other speech acts to optimally assess the common ground of knowledge and belief of the addressee with the aim to optimally achieve understanding and an assessment of relevant information exchange. In languages such as German (and other Germanic languages outside of English), this may happen in covert terms. Main categories used for this purpose are modal adverbials ("modal particles") and modal verbs. Epistemic uses of modal verbs (like German sollen) cover evidential (reportative) information simultaneously providing the source of the information. Methodologically, description and explanation rest on Karl Bühler's concept of Origo as well as Roman Jakobson's concept of shifter. Typologically, East Asian languages such as Japanese pursue these semasiological fundaments far more closely than the European languages. In particular, Japanese has to mark the source of a statement in the declarative mode such that the reliability may be assessed by the hearer. The contributions in this collection provide insight into these modal techniques.
Author: Joan L. Bybee
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Published: 1995-01-01
Total Pages: 585
ISBN-13: 9027229252
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume brings together a collection of 18 papers that look into the expression of modality in the grammars of natural languages, with an emphasis on its manifestations in naturally occurring discourse. Though the individual contributions reflect a diversity of languages, of synchronic and diachronic foci, and of theoretical orientations all within the broad domain of functional linguistics they nonetheless converge around a number of key issues: the relationship between 'mood' and 'modality'; the delineation of modal categories and their nomenclature; the grounding of modality in interactive discourse; the elusive category 'irrealis'; and the relationship of modal notions and categories to other categories of grammar.
Author: Raphael Salkie
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Published: 2009-06-23
Total Pages: 391
ISBN-13: 3110213338
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis volume presents two kinds of studies on English modality. On the one hand, there are strongly empirical, corpus-based studies of individual uses of English modal auxiliaries and modal constructions, such as may in interrogatives, might in concessive clauses, shall and may vs must in legal English, the use of surprised if and surprising if constructions, the use and history of adhortative constructions, or the modal-aspectual use of come to in I came to realize that X. The book also contains work that presents new views on some of the classical issues, like the relations between modality and time, modality and commitment, modals and (inter)subjectivity. A special place is given to work that approaches the English modals from the perspective of the 'Theory of Enunciative Operations' developed by the French linguist Antoine Culioli and his colleagues. Thus the book provides new perspectives and answers on basic questions about modality, in general, and its expression in English, in particular.
Author: Walter Burke Barbe
Publisher: Zaner Bloser
Published: 1979-01-01
Total Pages: 117
ISBN-13: 9780883091005
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