Offering a comprehensive review of reform policy, followed by an examination of major approaches to institutional restructuring, Shulin Gu explores the way in which China's industrial technology has responded to economic reforms. At the heart of the work is the argument that market reform and organisational change are closely interdependent. Gu outlines the interaction of the two in China and reveals the damage which may result if market reform is not accompanied by new organisational design. Analysis of these issues is drawn from first-hand experience of Chinese technology systems, supported by insights from technological innovation economics and transaction cost economics.
China's booming economy has drawn both admiration and fear from the rest of the world. With its ability to churn out high-quality goods at low prices, China has become known as the ?factory of the world?.To better understand China's development and modernisation since the 1978 reforms, it is necessary to analyse its policies on importing technologies and developing indigenous ones.The articles in this volume paint a comprehensive picture of the attempts by the Chinese government to adopt and foster science and technology, the successes of the policies and the continuing challenges.
An increase in global access to goods and knowledge is transforming world-class science and technology (S&T) by bringing it within the capability of an unprecedented number of global parties who must compete for resources, markets, and talent. In particular, globalization has facilitated the success of formal S&T plans in many developing countries, where traditional limitations can now be overcome through the accumulation and global trade of a wide variety of goods, skills, and knowledge. As a result, centers for technological research and development (R&D) are now globally dispersed, setting the stage for greater uncertainty in the political, economic, and security arenas. These changes will have a potentially enormous impact for the U.S. national security policy, which for the past half century was premised on U.S. economic and technological dominance. As the U.S. monopoly on talent and innovation wanes, arms export regulations and restrictions on visas for foreign S&T workers are becoming less useful as security strategies. The acute level of S&T competition among leading countries in the world today suggests that countries that fail to exploit new technologies or that lose the capability for proprietary use of their own new technologies will find their existing industries uncompetitive or obsolete. The increased access to information has transformed the 1950s' paradigm of "control and isolation" of information for innovation control into the current one of "engagement and partnerships" between innovators for innovation creation. Current and future strategies for S&T development need to be considered in light of these new realities. This book analyzes the S&T strategies of Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore (JBRICS), six countries that have either undergone or are undergoing remarkable growth in their S&T capabilities for the purpose of identifying unique national features and how they are utilized in the evolving global S&T environment.
The Science and Technology policy changes in post-Mao China cannot be complete without a historical narrative and analysis of Science and Technology in its pre-policy (prior to 1850) and policy (since 1850 when the Qing rulers began to promote Science and Technology ) periods. This book is an imperative to revisit and interrogate the nature and scope of Chinese Science and Technology policy and progress. The text is divided into three parts. The first part considers both the macro and micro issues pertaining to Science and Technology policy in general and also of the policiy in particular. The second part highlights the historical narrative of Chinese Science and Technology policy as it has a key role in the evolution of contemporary Science and Technology architecture. The third part discusses three focal components of the Chinese Science and Technology system each representing state, society and international systems - the organizational structure representing the state; the research system representing society; and technology acquisition representing the international system with serious implications for China.
Microbial Fermentation of Biowastes summarizes new advances in the development of various strategies for enhanced microbial fermentation for organic waste conversion to bioenergy/biochemicals, and for biodegradation of plastic waste. Sections cover principles of additive strategies, multi-stage bioreactors, microbial bioaugmentation strategies, genetically engineered microorganisms, co-digestion strategies, feedstock pre-treatment strategies, enzyme technologies, and hybrid technologies methods. In addition, the book reviews progress in the conversion of common wastes to bioenergy and biochemicals via enhanced anaerobic digestion, also summarizing the significant progress achieved on enhancing anaerobic digestion via additive strategy, multi-stage bioreactor strategy, microbial bioaugmentation strategy, genetic engineering approach, and much more. Includes enhancing strategies for microbial fermentation technologies for biowastes conversion to bioenergy and biochemicals Provides progress on bioenergy/resource recovery from common biowastes, including food waste, agricultural waste, manure, wastewater and algal residues Includes microbial biodegradation of plastic waste
'This unique book offers a series of case studies about how technology creation has evolved in China. This is an in-depth perspective about the trajectory and the entrepreneurial transformations of some successful high-tech Chinese companies in different industries. The book pictures as well the roles played by government, universities and companies in fostering regional systems of innovation in different parts of China. Written by Chinese and foreign experts, those views are not partial; authors reveal an untruncated and thorough analysis.' Dominique Jolly, SKEMA Business School, France Bringing technologies to the market, thereby creating profits, high-qualified jobs and industrial upgrading is one of the means by which China can fuel its brand new growth model based on innovation and sustainability. Much is known about the mechanisms of technological entrepreneurship. But how does this happen in China? Who is doing what? Is there a 'Chinese way' to do technological entrepreneurship? This thought-provoking book provides readers with a closer look at these issues and clarifies them through a number of case studies discussed from the perspectives of both Chinese and international contributors. Technological Entrepreneurship in China offers a comprehensive and practical assessment of technological entrepreneurship in China. Exclusively based on cases, the book tackles the issues of technological entrepreneurship in China from a systemic view. In so doing the book provides an account of the main factors at work behind Chinese technological entrepreneurship and their interplay, the past and present transitions facing Chinese technology-based enterprises, and how those transitions were and are being dealt with. It offers a glimpse in a huge natural experiment that will prove insightful for both scholars and policymakers.
This final volume in Manuel Castells' trilogy, with a substantialnew preface, is devoted to processes of global social changeinduced by the transition from the old industrial society to theemerging global network society. Explains why China, rather than Japan, is the economic andpolitical actor that is revolutionizing the global system Reflects on the contradictions of European unification,proposing the concept of the network state Substantial new preface assesses the validity of thetheoretical construction presented in the conclusion of thetrilogy, proposing some conceptual modifications in light of theobserved experience
The Excellence of Technology in China chronologically introduces the splendid culture of science and technology in China. It details how the Chinese people acquired knowledge about the natural world, how they developed natural resources, and how they made great contributions to social development. It is a survey of all ancient Chinese technology.
