THE EVOLUTION OF OXYGEN AND OZONE IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE.
Author: JAMES FRASER KASTING
Publisher:
Published: 1979
Total Pages: 269
ISBN-13:
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Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds
Author: David C. Catling
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2017-04-13
Total Pages: 595
ISBN-13: 0521844126
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA comprehensive and authoritative text on the formation and evolution of planetary atmospheres, for graduate-level students and researchers.
Atmosphere, Earth and Life
Author: Peter Francis
Publisher:
Published: 1997
Total Pages: 204
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKInvestigates the evolution of the Earth's atmosphere from its initial condition devoid of oxygen and rich in carbon dioxide, to its present breathable state, with plenty of oxygen. Discusses whether the change was continuous and regular, or intermittent and variable, as well as the extent to which atmospheric and biological evolution are linked.Pack includes book and bookmark.
Evolution of the Atmosphere
Author: James Callan Gray Walker
Publisher: MacMillan Publishing Company
Published: 1977
Total Pages: 348
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKExplores the Possible Causes of Weather and Climatic Changes Which Can Have a Dramatic Effect on Mankind Such As Another Ice Age.
Oxygen
Author: Donald E. Canfield
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: 2015-12-01
Total Pages: 214
ISBN-13: 0691168369
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe remarkable scientific story of how Earth became an oxygenated planet The air we breathe is twenty-one percent oxygen, an amount higher than on any other known world. While we may take our air for granted, Earth was not always an oxygenated planet. How did it become this way? Donald Canfield—one of the world's leading authorities on geochemistry, earth history, and the early oceans—covers this vast history, emphasizing its relationship to the evolution of life and the evolving chemistry of the Earth. Canfield guides readers through the various lines of scientific evidence, considers some of the wrong turns and dead ends along the way, and highlights the scientists and researchers who have made key discoveries in the field. Showing how Earth’s atmosphere developed over time, Oxygen takes readers on a remarkable journey through the history of the oxygenation of our planet.
Oxygen and the Evolution of Life
Author: Heinz Decker
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2010-12-03
Total Pages: 179
ISBN-13: 3642131794
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book describes the interlaced histories of life and oxygen. It opens with the generation of oxygen in ancient stars and its distribution to newly formed planets like the Earth. Free O2 was not available on the early Earth, so the first life forms had to be anaerobic. Life introduced free O2 into the environment through the evolution of photosynthesis, which must have been a disaster for many anaerobes. Others found ways to deal with the toxic reactive oxygen species and even developed a much more efficient oxygen-based metabolism. The authors vividly describe how the introduction of O2 allowed the burst of evolution that created today’s biota. They also discuss the interplay of O2 and CO2, with consequences such as worldwide glaciations and global warming. On the physiological level, they present an overview of oxidative metabolism and O2 transport, and the importance of O2 in human life and medicine, emphasizing that while oxygen is essential, it is also related to aging and many disease states.
Researches on the Past and Present History of the Earth's Atmosphere
Author: Thomas Lamb Phipson
Publisher:
Published: 1901
Total Pages: 248
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe Elements: A Very Short Introduction
Author: Philip Ball
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2004-04-08
Total Pages: 193
ISBN-13: 0192840991
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis Very Short Introduction traces the history and cultural impact of the elements on humankind, and examines why people have long sought to identify the substances around them. Looking beyond the Periodic Table, the author takes the reader on an engaging and entertaining tour: from the Greek philosophers who propounded a system with four elements - earth, air, fire, and water - to the modern-day scientists who are able to create their own.
Earth History of Oxygen and the iprOxy
Author: Zunli Lu
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2020-10-08
Total Pages: 49
ISBN-13: 1009028413
DOWNLOAD EBOOKHow oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere and oceans evolved has always been a central question in Earth System Science. Researchers have developed numerous tracers to tackle this question, utilizing geochemical characteristics of different elements. Iodine incorporated in calcium carbonate (including biogenic) minerals, reported as I/Ca, is a proxy for dissolved oxygen in seawater. Here we review the rationale behind this proxy, its recent applications and some potential future research directions.
History of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Author: Michael I. Budyko
Publisher: Springer
Published: 1987
Total Pages: 0
ISBN-13: 9783642716744
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe authors of this book have studied the changes in the chemi cal composition of the atmosphere during geological history with regard to its close relationship to the evolution of the Earth's sedimentary shell. Beginning in 1977, the initial results of this study have been published as articles and parts of several monographs. Since new material clarifying atmospheric evolution have been obtained recently, the necessity has arisen to write a book treating the major results of investigations of the history of the atmosphere. In this book much consideration is given to the interrelation between the evolution of animate nature and changes in atmospheric composition. It proved be necessary to study the history of the two components of atmospheric air: carbon dioxide and oxygen. Attempts have been made to repre sent quantitatively the conclusions drawn here, i. e. to determine by calculation the changes in the amount of carbon dioxide and oxygen over much of the history of the atmosphere. These calculations, performed in most detail for the Phanerozoic and to a lesser degree for the Late Precambrian, are supplemented with estimates of changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere in the Early Precambrian. Comparisons have been drawn between the changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the development of animate nature, a close relationship being found to exist between the stages of the evolution of organisms and variations in the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
