The Elements of Welsh Grammar
The Elements of Welsh Grammar

Author: Samuel James Evans

Publisher:

Published: 1910

Total Pages: 188

ISBN-13:

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In compiling this little book I have tried to give prominence, by rule and example, to the first elements of Welsh Grammar. All details have been carefully excluded, except where they were thought to illustrate some important point in the language. I hope the book will be of service to three classes of students: (1) Those boys and girls of our County Schools who are taking up Welsh for the Junior Certificate of the Central Welsh Board; (2) Welsh-speaking Queen's Scholarship Candidates, of whom it is to be hoped an ever-increasing number will take up Welsh as their optional language; and (3) Englishmen who desire to acquire some knowledge of Welsh without having to master at the very threshold a mass of detail, which is more confusing than helpful, and which only serves to discourage those who might otherwise soon master the language. I have sought to illustrate all rules by means of suitable examples drawn from the classics of Welsh literature. - Preface to first edition.

The Welsh Answering System
The Welsh Answering System

Author: Bob Morris Jones

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter

Published: 2011-06-24

Total Pages: 385

ISBN-13: 3110800594

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TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Number Categories
Number Categories

Author: Deborah Arbes

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2023-08-21

Total Pages: 219

ISBN-13: 3110986620

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The book examines the category Number from a variety of linguistic perspectives. Typological aspects of co-plurals and singulatives are introduced and number marking is analysed for three individual languages: Kamas (Samoyedic), Welsh (Celtic) and Wagi (Beria, Saharan). For each language, the focus lies on a different aspect of number marking: In the Wagi dialect of Beria, different tonal patterns are discovered. The extinct Kamas language is analysed in terms of language contact with Russian. Number categories can also serve as a measure of loanword integration, as the study about spoken Welsh shows. The combination of articles in this volume illustrates the potential of number marking and offers insights that contribute our understanding of how grammatical number is applied and categorised in languages.

Susceptibility vs. Resistance
Susceptibility vs. Resistance

Author: Nataliya Levkovych

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published: 2022-04-19

Total Pages: 492

ISBN-13: 311078551X

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The topic of the volume is the contrast between borrowable categories and those which resist transfer. Resistance is illustrated for the unattested emergence of grammatical gender, the negligible impact of English and Spanish on the number category in Patagonian Welsh, the reluctance of replicas to borrow English but. MAT-borrowing does not imply the copying of rules as the Spanish function-words in the Chamorro irrealis show. Chamorro and Tetun Dili look similar on account of their contact-induced parallels. The languages of the former USSR have borrowed largely identical sets of conjunctions from Russian, Arabic, and Persian to converge in the domain of clause linkage. Resistance against and susceptibility to transfer call for further investigations to the benefit of language-contact theory.

The Celtic Languages
The Celtic Languages

Author: Martin J. Ball

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2012-11-12

Total Pages: 700

ISBN-13: 113685472X

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This comprehensive volume describes in depth all the Celtic languages from historical, structural and sociolinguistic perspectives, with individual chapters on Irish, Scottish, Gaelic, Manx, Welsh, Breton and Cornish. Organized for ease of reference, The Celtic Languages is arranged in four parts. The first, Historical Aspects, covers the origin and history of the Celtic languages, their spread and retreat, present-day distribution and a sketch of the extant and recently extant languages. Parts II and III describe the structural detail of each language, including phonology, mutation, morphology, syntax, dialectology and lexis. The final part provides wide-ranging sociolinguistic detail, such as areas of usage (in government, church, media, education, business), maintenance (institutional support offered), and prospects for survival (examination of demographic changes and how they affect these languages). Special Features: * Presents the first modern, comprehensive linguistic description of this important language family * Provides a full discussion of the likely progress of Irish, Welsh and Breton * Includes the most recent research on newly discovered Continental Celtic inscriptions

Stars and Ribbons
Stars and Ribbons

Author: Rhiannon Ifans

Publisher: University of Wales Press

Published: 2022-02-15

Total Pages: 424

ISBN-13: 1786838257

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Wassail songs are part of Welsh folk culture, but what exactly are they? When are they sung? Why? And where do stars and pretty ribbons fit in? This study addresses these questions, identifying and discussing the various forms of winter wassailing found in Wales in times past and present. It focuses specifically on the Welsh poetry written over the centuries at the celebration of several rituals – most particularly at Christmas, the turn of the year, and on Twelfth Night – which served a distinct purpose. The winter wassailing aspired to improve the quality of the earth’s fertility in three specific spheres: the productivity of the land, the animal kingdom, and the human race. This volume provides a rich collection of Welsh songs in their original language, translated into English for the first time, and with musical notation. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of these poems and of the society in which they were sung.