The Development of the Visual System of the Albino Rat
The Development of the Visual System of the Albino Rat

Author: A. Raedler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 89

ISBN-13: 3642454615

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Most authors who have studied the whole visual system described the fiber connections between the different nuclear centers (Monakow, 1883, 1889; Probst, 1900; Minkowski, 1913, 1920, 1934; Kosaka and Hiraiwa, 1914; Put nam, 1926; Oshinomi, 1930; Papez and Freeman, 1930; Lashley, 1931, 1934a, 1934b, 1941; Barris and Ingram, 1933/34; Le Gros Clark and Penman, 1934; Waller, 1934; Chang, 1936; Gillilan, 1940; Le Gros Clark, 1942; Krieg, 1946a, 1946b, 1947; Nauta and Bucher, 1954; Hayhow et al., 1962; Lund, 1966; Mon tero, 1968). The histogenetic and cytogenetic differentiation of the various components of the visual system has been treated in numerous individual studies mostly on the cerebral cortex and the retina and to a lesser degree on the superior col liculus and the lateral geniculate body, however, it has not yet been investigated under the aspects of developmental interactions of a functional system on the basis of comparing the development of the different brain parts involved with re spect to the establishment of a functionally interrelated system. The first concepts of the histological differentiation of the neural tube and parts of the more advanced central nervous system were based on the classical neuroblast-spon gioblast-theory of His (1889, 1904), Cajal (1911, 1960) and Lorente de No (1922, 1933, 1949). The development of the definitive cerebral cortex with its 6 laminae according to Tilney (1933) was attributed to three successive cell migrations which form the supragranular, granular and infragranular layers.

Ontogenesis of the Visual System
Ontogenesis of the Visual System

Author: Karl Zilles

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 200

ISBN-13: 3642669298

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An ontogenetic study of the central nervous system is an important tool for the under standing of its morphological and morpho-functional relations. Numerous qualitative results on the ontogenesis of the visual system can be found in the literature, but there are only very few quantitative results fulfilling the following parameters: (1) samples of sufficient size; (2) measurements considering results of stereology; (3) evaluation and interpretation performed with sound biomathematical methods; (4) quantitative of the shrinkage caused by the histological technic. The first three results independent demands can be fulfilled by using available computerized stereological and biomathe matical methods (Kretschmann and Wingert, 1968, 1969a, b, c, 1971; Wingert, 1969; Zilies and Wingert, 1972; Zilies et al., 1976a, c, d). The interdisciplinary cooperation between morphologists and mathematicians makes possible the analysis of the volume growth, the number of nerve-and glial cells in a whole brain region (Schleicher et al., 1975a, b; Zilies and Wingert, 1973a, b; Zilies et al., 1974, 1975a, b), the semi-automatic analysis of the nucleolar diameters in nerve cells (Zilies et al., 1976b) and computer aided compartment analysis with the point counting method (Zilies et al., in press b). Tupaia belangeri, an interesting animal for neurobiologists, was the experimental animal of choice because it combines the advan tages of a small brain (conducive to rapid processing) with many characteristics of the of the primate brain.

Visual Neuroscience
Visual Neuroscience

Author: J. D. Pettigrew

Publisher: CUP Archive

Published: 1986-12-18

Total Pages: 470

ISBN-13: 9780521258296

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Visual neuroscience is the study of the way in which the -brain accomplishes sight, and this book presents overviews of a range of topics in this area. The chapters are grouped into six sections - retina, retino-geniculate connections, visual development, comparative visual physiology, visual cortex and integrative aspects - and the authors describe both their own contributions to the field, and the influence of their teacher, P.O. Bishop, on their scientific development.

Influences of Experimental Brain Edema on the Development of the Visual System
Influences of Experimental Brain Edema on the Development of the Visual System

Author: A. Raedler

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 111

ISBN-13: 3642660924

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The experimental brain edema as a result of application of numerous different toxic agents has been the subject of a large number of publications (for synopses see Hirano, 1969; Long et al. , 1965). A concept that took the underlying causes of the lesions as the basis for classification of different types of brain edema was presented by Klatzo (1967). In this classification Klatzo differentiates between cytogenic and vasogenic causes of brain edema that are distinguishable from each other by the differing behaviour and reaction of the blood-brain-barrier. The vasogenic type of brain edema is found mostly in the vicinity of tumors, traumata and foci of infections, presumably because of an alteration of the conditions of permeability, as well as in brain edemas that are caused by changes in the hemodynamics of the central nervous system, and toxic substances that act directly on the wall of the blood vessel. The cytogenic type of brain edema in many experimental models is the result of, for instance, TET-intoxication, water intoxication, poisoning with other chemical substances and anoxia. Its direct cause according to Klatzo (1967) is to be seen in a disturbance of the intra cellular osmoregulation of the parenchymal cells. Although the composition of the edema fluid is dependent on the type of toxic substance used, the lack of plasma proteins in the edema fluid is characteristic for the brain edemas of this group.

Vision
Vision

Author: David T. W. Yew

Publisher: World Scientific

Published: 1988

Total Pages: 630

ISBN-13: 9789971503659

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This volume consists of invited papers from scientists of Chinese origin in the visual field from around the world. The papers cover all basic and applied aspects of the vertebrate and invertebrate visual systems, from photoreceptors to cortical neurons, presenting both review and new findings on the subjects. It is hoped that this book will serve as a guide to international research linkage between groups.

Retinal Development
Retinal Development

Author: Evelyne Sernagor

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012-11-29

Total Pages: 369

ISBN-13: 1139459732

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This advanced text, first published in 2006, takes a developmental approach to the presentation of our understanding of how vertebrates construct a retina. Written by experts in the field, each of the seventeen chapters covers a specific step in the process, focusing on the underlying molecular, cellular, and physiological mechanisms. There is also a special section on emerging technologies, including genomics, zebrafish genetics, and stem cell biology that are starting to yield important insights into retinal development. Primarily aimed at professionals, both biologists and clinicians working with the retina, this book provides a concise view of vertebrate retinal development. Since the retina is 'an approachable part of the brain', this book will also be attractive to all neuroscientists interested in development, as processes required to build this exquisitely organized system are ultimately relevant to all other parts of the central nervous system.

Studies of Cerebral Function in Learning
Studies of Cerebral Function in Learning

Author: Karl S. 1890-1958 Lashley

Publisher: Palala Press

Published: 2015-08-31

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13: 9781340837273

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