Bulldozed and Betrayed
Bulldozed and Betrayed

Author: Adam Fairclough

Publisher: LSU Press

Published: 2021-09-08

Total Pages: 278

ISBN-13: 0807176346

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Prior to the 2020 presidential election, historians considered the disputed 1876 contest—which pitted Republican Rutherford B. Hayes against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden—the most controversial in American history. Examining the work and conclusions of the Potter Committee, the congressional body tasked with investigating the vote, Adam Fairclough’s Bulldozed and Betrayed: Louisiana and the Stolen Elections of 1876 sheds new light on the events surrounding the electoral crisis, especially those that occurred in Louisiana, a state singled out for voter intimidation and rampant fraud. The Potter Committee’s inquiry led to embarrassment for Democrats, uncovering an array of bribes, forgeries, and even coded telegrams showing that the Tilden campaign had attempted to buy the presidency. Testimony also exposed the treachery of Hayes, who, once installed in the White House, permitted insurrectionary Democrats to overthrow the Republican government in Louisiana that had risen to power during the early days of Reconstruction.

The Trial
The Trial

Author: Edward Steers

Publisher: University Press of Kentucky

Published: 2003-07-31

Total Pages: 1016

ISBN-13: 0813139082

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Transcripts from the trial of John Wilkes Booth’s co-conspirators, plus commentary:“Unquestionably the world-class expert on . . . Lincoln’s assassination.” ―Civil War News On the night of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in what he envisioned part of a scheme to plunge the federal government into chaos and gain a reprieve for the struggling Confederacy. The plan failed. By April 26, Booth was killed resisting capture and eight of the nine conspirators eventually charged in Lincoln's murder were in custody. Their trial would become one of the most famous and most controversial in US history. New president Andrew Johnson’s executive order on May 1 directed that persons charged with Lincoln’s murder stand trial before a military tribunal. The trial lasted more than fifty days, and 366 witnesses gave testimony. Benn Pitman, an expert in phonography—an early form of shorthand—was awarded a government contract to produce a transcription of each day’s testimony. Pitman made these transcripts available to the prosecution and defense, as well as select members of the press. Although three versions of the testimony were published, Pitman’s edited collection was the most accessible. He skillfully winnowed the 4,300 pages of transcription into one volume, collated the testimony by defendant, indexed it by name and date, and added summaries. In The Trial, assassination scholars guide readers through all 421 pages of testimony, illuminating Pitman’s record. By drawing together the evidence that resulted in the conspirators’ convictions, The Trial leaves no doubt as to the events surrounding the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, making this book a fascinating account of the trial as well as an essential resource. “Steers’s lineup is truly expert—readers will be able to distinguish between fact and fancy and come away with a far better understanding of Lincoln’s assassination.” —William Hanchett, author of The Lincoln Murder Conspiracies

United States Diplomatic Codes and Ciphers, 1775-1938
United States Diplomatic Codes and Ciphers, 1775-1938

Author: Ralph E. Weber

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-09-08

Total Pages: 835

ISBN-13: 1351316184

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United States Diplomatic Codes and Ciphers, 1775-1938 is the first basic reference work on American diplomatic cryptography. Weber's research in national and private archives in the Americas and Europe has uncovered more than one hundred codes and ciphers. Beginning with the American Revolution, these secret systems masked confidential diplomatic correspondence and reports.During the period between 1775 and 1938, both codes and ciphers were employed. Ciphers were frequently used for American diplomatic and military correspondence during the American Revolution. At that time, a system was popular among American statesmen whereby a common book, such as a specific dictionary,was used by two correspondents who encoded each word in a message with three numbers. In this system, the first number indicated the page of the book, the second the line in the book, and the third the position of the plain text word on that line counting from the left. Codes provided the most common secret language basis for the entire nineteenth century.Ralph Weber describes in eight chapters the development of American cryptographic practice. The codes and ciphers published in the text and appendix will enable historians and others to read secret State Department dispatches before 1876, and explain code designs after that year.