The Cerebral Code
The Cerebral Code

Author: William H. Calvin

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 1998-03-02

Total Pages: 266

ISBN-13: 9780262531542

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The Cerebral Code is a new understanding of how Darwinian processes could operate in the brain to shape mental images in only seconds, starting with shuffled memories no better than the jumble of our nighttime dreams, but evolving into something of quality, such as a sentence to speak aloud. Jung said that dreaming goes on continuously but you can't see it when you are awake, just as you can't see the stars in the daylight because it is too bright. Calvin's is a theory for what goes on, hidden from view by the glare of waking mental operations, that produces our peculiarly human type of consciousness with its versatile intelligence. As Piaget emphasized in 1929, intelligence is what we use when we don't know what to do, when we have to grope rather than using a standard response. Calvin tackles a mechanism for doing this exploration and improvement offline, as we think before we act or practice the art of good guessing. Surprisingly, the subtitle's mosaics of the mind is not a literary metaphor. For the first time, it is a description of a mechanism of what appears to be an appropriate level of explanation for many mental phenomena, that of hexagonal mosaics of electrical activity that compete for territory in the association cortex of the brain. This two-dimensional mosaic is predicted to grow and dissolve much as the sugar crystals do in the bottom of a supersaturated glass of iced tea. A Bradford Book

Cognitive Code
Cognitive Code

Author: Johannes Bruder

Publisher: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP

Published: 2020-01-16

Total Pages: 177

ISBN-13: 0773559701

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As the second decade of the twenty-first century draws to a close, the cultural, social, and economic effects of artificial intelligence are becoming ever more apparent. Despite their long-intertwined histories, the fields of neuroscience and artificial intelligence research are notoriously divided. In Cognitive Code Johannes Bruder argues that seemingly incompatible scales of intelligence – the brain and the planet – are now intimately linked through neuroscience-inspired AI and computational cognitive neuroscience. Building on ethnographic fieldwork in brain imaging labs in the United Kingdom and Switzerland, alongside analyses of historical and contemporary literature, Cognitive Code examines how contemporary research on the brain makes routine use of engineering epistemologies and practices. Bruder elaborates on how the question of mimicking human cognition and thought on the scale of computer chips and circuits has gradually evolved into a comprehensive restructuring of the world through "smart" infrastructures. The brain, traditionally treated as a discrete object that thinks, is becoming part of the larger thinking network we now know as "the Cloud." The author traces a recent shift in the goals of brain imaging to show that the introduction of novel statistical and computational techniques has upset traditional paradigms and disentangled cognition from its biological substrate. Investigating understandings of intelligence from the micro to the macro, Cognitive Code explains how the future of human psychology is increasingly determined by engineering and design.

The Cortex and the Critical Point
The Cortex and the Critical Point

Author: John M. Beggs

Publisher: MIT Press

Published: 2022-08-30

Total Pages: 217

ISBN-13: 0262544032

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How the cerebral cortex operates near a critical phase transition point for optimum performance. Individual neurons have limited computational powers, but when they work together, it is almost like magic. Firing synchronously and then breaking off to improvise by themselves, they can be paradoxically both independent and interdependent. This happens near the critical point: when neurons are poised between a phase where activity is damped and a phase where it is amplified, where information processing is optimized, and complex emergent activity patterns arise. The claim that neurons in the cortex work best when they operate near the critical point is known as the criticality hypothesis. In this book John Beggs—one of the pioneers of this hypothesis—offers an introduction to the critical point and its relevance to the brain. Drawing on recent experimental evidence, Beggs first explains the main ideas underlying the criticality hypotheses and emergent phenomena. He then discusses the critical point and its two main consequences—first, scale-free properties that confer optimum information processing; and second, universality, or the idea that complex emergent phenomena, like that seen near the critical point, can be explained by relatively simple models that are applicable across species and scale. Finally, Beggs considers future directions for the field, including research on homeostatic regulation, quasicriticality, and the expansion of the cortex and intelligence. An appendix provides technical material; many chapters include exercises that use freely available code and data sets.

The Brain Code
The Brain Code

Author: Norman D. Cook

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-09-03

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13: 0429954832

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Originally published in 1986, this stimulating and unorthodox book integrates the major findings of hemispheric research with the larger questions of how the brain stores and transmits information – the ‘brain code’. Norman Cook emphasizes how the two cerebral hemispheres communicate information over the corpus callosum, the largest single nerve tract of the human brain. Excitatory mechanisms are involved in the duplication of information between the hemispheres; in contrast, inhibitory mechanisms are implicated in the production of hemispheric asymmetries and, crucially, in high-level cognitive phenomena such as the right hemisphere’s role in providing the ‘context’ within which left hemispheric verbal information is placed. These callosal mechanisms of information transfer are not only fundamental to the brain code; they are the simplest and most easily demonstrated ways in which the neocortex ‘talks to itself’. The Brain Code demonstrates how popular topics within psychology at the time, such as laterality, hemisphere differences and the psychology of left and right, are central to further progress in understanding the human brain. This book provides stimulating reading for students of psychology, artificial intelligence and neurophysiology, as well as anyone interested in the broader question of how the brain works.

The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2016 Edition
The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2016 Edition

Author: Carol J. Buck

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2015-12-22

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13: 0323389104

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Mastering advanced medical coding skills is easier with Carol J. Buck's proven, step-by-step method! The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2016 Edition uses real-world patient cases to explain coding for services such as medical visits, diagnostic testing and interpretation, treatments, surgeries, and anesthesia. Hands-on practice with physician documentation helps you take the next step in coding proficiency. With this guide from coding author and educator Carol J. Buck, you will learn to confidently pull the right information from medical documents, select the right codes, determine the correct sequencing of those codes, and then properly audit cases. UNIQUE! Evaluation and Management (E/M) audit forms include clear coding instructions to help reduce errors in determining the correct level of service. Real-world patient cases (cleared of any patient identifiers) simulate the first year of coding on-the-job by using actual medical records. More than 185 full-color illustrations depict and clarify advanced coding concepts. From the Trenches boxes highlight the real-life experiences of professional medical coders and include photographs, quotes, practical tips, and advice. UPDATED content includes the latest coding information available, for accurate coding and success on the job.

The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2015 Edition - E-Book
The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2015 Edition - E-Book

Author: Carol J. Buck

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2015-01-01

Total Pages: 611

ISBN-13: 0323292046

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Moving on to advanced medical coding is easy with Carol J. Buck's proven, step-by-step method! The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2015 Edition helps you master coding skills for services such as medical visits, diagnostic testing and interpretation, treatments, surgeries, and anesthesia. Real-world patient cases give you hands-on practice with advanced, physician-based coding. Enhance your decision-making skills and learn to confidently pull the right information from medical documents, select the right codes, determine the correct sequencing of those codes, properly audit cases, and prepare for the transition to ICD-10 with the help of coding author and educator Carol Buck! - Dual coding addresses the transition to ICD-10 by providing practice as well as coding answers for both ICD-9 and ICD-10. - UNIQUE! Evaluation and Management (E/M) audit forms, developed to determine the correct E/M codes, simplify the coding process and help to ensure accuracy. - UNIQUE! Netter anatomy illustrations in each chapter help you understand anatomy and how it affects coding. - Realistic patient cases simulate your first year of coding by using actual medical records (with personal patient details changed or removed), allowing you to practice coding with advanced material. - From the Trenches boxes highlight the experiences of real-life professional medical coders and include photographs, quotes, practical tips, and advice. - Auditing cases prepare you to assign correct codes to complicated records, as well as audit records for accuracy. - More than 180 full-color illustrations depict and clarify advanced coding concepts. - UPDATED content includes the latest coding information available, to promote accurate coding and success on the job.

The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2016 Edition - E-Book
The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2016 Edition - E-Book

Author: Carol J. Buck

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2015-12-03

Total Pages: 612

ISBN-13: 0323389120

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Mastering advanced medical coding skills is easier with Carol J. Buck's proven, step-by-step method! The Next Step: Advanced Medical Coding and Auditing, 2016 Edition uses real-world patient cases to explain coding for services such as medical visits, diagnostic testing and interpretation, treatments, surgeries, and anesthesia. Hands-on practice with physician documentation helps you take the next step in coding proficiency. With this guide from coding author and educator Carol J. Buck, you will learn to confidently pull the right information from medical documents, select the right codes, determine the correct sequencing of those codes, and then properly audit cases. - UNIQUE! Evaluation and Management (E/M) audit forms include clear coding instructions to help reduce errors in determining the correct level of service. - Real-world patient cases (cleared of any patient identifiers) simulate the first year of coding on-the-job by using actual medical records. - More than 185 full-color illustrations depict and clarify advanced coding concepts. - From the Trenches boxes highlight the real-life experiences of professional medical coders and include photographs, quotes, practical tips, and advice. - UPDATED content includes the latest coding information available, for accurate coding and success on the job.