The Catawba Indians are aboriginal to South Carolina, and their pottery tradition may be traced to 2,400 B.C. When Hernando de Soto visited the Catawba Nation (then Cofitachique) in 1540, he found a sophisticated Mississippian Culture. After the founding of Charleston in 1670, the Catawba population declined. Throughout subsequent demographic stress, the Catawba supported themselves by making and peddling pottery. They have the only surviving Native American pottery tradition east of the Mississippi. Without pottery, there would be no Catawba Indian Nation today.
The story of one of the few original Native American communities of the Carolinas, whose rich and fascinating history can be dated back to 2400 BC. While the Catawba once inhabited a large swath of land that covered parts of North and South Carolina, and managed to remain in the Carolinas during the notorious Trail of Tears, most Catawba now live on a reservation in York County, South Carolina. In Catawba Nation, longtime tribal historian Thomas J. Blumer seeks to preserve and present the history of this resilient people. Blumer chronicles Catawba history, such as Hernando de Soto’s meeting with the Lady of Cofitachique, the leadership of Chief James Harris, and the fame of potter Georgia Harris, who won the National Heritage Award for her art. Using an engaging mix of folklore, oral history, and historical records, Blumer weaves an accessible history of the tribe, preserving their story of suffering and survival for future generations.
The Catawba Indians are aboriginal to South Carolina, and their pottery tradition may be traced to 2,400 B.C. When Hernando de Soto visited the Catawba Nation (then Cofitachique) in 1540, he found a sophisticated Mississippian Culture. After the founding of Charleston in 1670, the Catawba population declined. Throughout subsequent demographic stress, the Catawba supported themselves by making and peddling pottery. They have the only surviving Native American pottery tradition east of the Mississippi. Without pottery, there would be no Catawba Indian Nation today.
Traces the craft of pottery making among the Catawba Indians of North Carolina from the late 18th century to the present When Europeans encountered them, the Catawba Indians were living along the river and throughout the valley that carries their name near the present North Carolina-South Carolina border. Archaeologists later collected and identified categories of pottery types belonging to the historic Catawba and extrapolated an association with their protohistoric and prehistoric predecessors. In this volume, Thomas Blumer traces the construction techniques of those documented ceramics to the lineage of their probable present-day master potters or, in other words, he traces the Catawba pottery traditions. By mining data from archives and the oral traditions of contemporary potters, Blumer reconstructs sales circuits regularly traveled by Catawba peddlers and thereby illuminates unresolved questions regarding trade routes in the protohistoric period. In addition, the author details particular techniques of the representative potters—factors such as clay selection, tool use, decoration, and firing techniques—which influence their styles.
In this reconstruction of the history of the Catawba Indians, Charles M. Hudson first considers the "external history" of the Catawba peoples, based on reports by such outsiders as explorers, missionaries, and government officials. In these chapters, the author examines the social and cultural classification of the Catawbas at the time of early contact with the white men, their later position in a plural southern society and gradual assimilation into the larger national society, and finally the termination of their status as Indians with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. This external history is then contrasted with the folk history of the Catawbas, the past as they believe it to have been. Hudson looks at the way this legendary history parallels documentary history, and shows how the Catawbas have used their folk remembrances to resist or adapt to the growing pressures of the outside world.
No group of Native Americans has figured more prominently in the history of South Carolina than the Catawba Nation. This tribe¿s unerring military, economic, and symbolic support for the fledgling Carolina colonies was crucial during early conflicts with hostile tribes, and eventually their struggle for Independence. While the Palmetto State unabashedly profited from this relationship with the Catawba Nation, the association was not mutually beneficial.In the hundred-year time span between 1740 and 1840, the population of the Catawba reservation decreased by more than seventy-five percent. At least half this decrease was due to the mortality of old age, accident, and disease. A significant portion of that population reduction, however, was the result of outmigration, as Catawba left the confines of the reservation to explore life in other areas.At various times in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth centuries, no more than a handful of Catawba Indians were physically residing on their ancient reservation. While thousands of pages have been dedicated to memorializing the history of those Catawba who remained, the pen of the historian has remained silent in regard to those Indian families and individuals who left the reservation.What happened to those Catawba who abandoned their ancient homeland? Where did they ultimately settle down? Did they continue to self-Identify as ¿Catawba¿ or, in some respects even more importantly, were they recorded as ¿Catawba¿ or even as ¿Indian¿ by the census enumerator, tax collector, or court officials in these new areas? This book attempts to answer these questions, and memorialize the documentation of those who became ¿A Wandering Tribe.¿
Harsh "racial" segregation during the Jim Crow era prevented South Carolina's Indian groups from assimilating. Due to their three-fold genetic admixture, they were labeled with such fanciful names as Red Bones, Brass Ankles, Croatans, Turks, and "not real Indians at all." For generations, South Carolina's remaining Indians struggled to avoid reduction to the oppressed social status of "Negroes." Their desperation eventually fostered anti-Black sentiment within some of the groups, an affliction that still infects a few of the older community members. Generations have passed since the Jim Crow era. Today, the Palmetto State's Indians focus less on imagined "racial purity" and more on the welfare of their communities, preserving their customs, and honoring their ancient traditions. Much work remains to be done by and for all of the tribal groups of South Carolina. The tribes strive to convert state recognition, which now serves only as a morale booster, into a true vehicle to promote tribal educational, economic, and healthcare improvement. South Carolina's state-recognized tribes are now hard at work to accomplish this goal. "When the author has spent many years traveling to Indian communities around the Southeast and talking to Indian elders, as Pony Hill has done, he must be admired not only for his authenticity, but also for his scholarship. This book, then, is where an authentic perspective is enhanced by thorough scholarship." -- John H. Moore, Ph.D, Anthropology Department, University of Florida. S. Pony Hill: was born in Jackson County, Florida. He holds a degree in Criminal Justice from Keiser University, Dean's List, Phi Theta Kappa Honors Society member. He was previously a contract researcher for federal recognition grants under Administration for Native Americans and for members of the United Ketowah Band, Cherokee Nation and Sumter Band of Cheraw, specializing in Southeastern Indian documentation. He is the author of "Patriot Chiefs and Loyal Braves" available online. Mr. Hill currently lives in San Antonio, Texas.
