The Outrages 1920–1922
The Outrages 1920–1922

Author: Pearse Lawlor

Publisher: Mercier Press Ltd

Published: 2011-08-01

Total Pages: 333

ISBN-13: 1856359662

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'The Outrages' gives an account of the major incidents, now slipping from local memory, as the War of Independence escalated from attacks on RIC barracks into internecine atrocities. The many lives lost in each border county are chronicled with factual accounts of attacks and reprisals, the impact these events had in Westminster and how Churchill, Craig and Collins reacted. Included are the events leading to the creation of the Ulster Special Constabulary and an in-depth account of the shooting of Specials at Clones railway station, the slaughter of eight unionists in a single night in south Armagh, the cover-up after Specials left three innocent nationalists dead and two wounded in Cushendall, and the litany of reprisal killings from Camlough to Desertmartin. Details of attacks on the Great Northern Railway and other networks, not previously published, provide a unique insight into the problems faced by railwaymen and by the government. A must read for anyone interested in this period of Irish history and a treasury for genealogists.

The police forces of Northern Ireland - history, perception and problems
The police forces of Northern Ireland - history, perception and problems

Author: Johannes Steffens

Publisher: GRIN Verlag

Published: 2006-11-10

Total Pages: 22

ISBN-13: 3638567524

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Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, University of Tubingen, course: LPS The Northen Irish Troubles, language: English, abstract: In the conflict between Catholic Nationalists and Protestant Loyalists in Northern Ireland the security forces have played and continue to play a controversial and crucial role. Hailed by Loyalists as defenders of Ulster, condemned by Nationalists for their biased, sectarian practices, the police forces were often not mediators between both sides but combatants in the ‘Troubles’ who fueled the conflict. This paper intends to look at the history of policing in Northern Ireland from 1920 to 2001, focusing on the early years in order to show a path-dependency of the ‘Troubles’. It will substantiate that the conflict between the police forces and the population during the ‘Troubles’, beginning in 1968, was not a singular, isolated event that can be examined without its historical context. But rather, the seed of this conflict had been planted fifty years prior, when Northern Ireland’s police forces were established. Chapter 3 looks at the public perception surrounding policing and will examine the differences and similarities of opinion between Catholics and Protestants. Chapter 4 deals with the internal problems facing policing. Furthermore, it will question Seamus Mallon’s, a former deputy leader of the SDLP and Northern Ireland’s Deputy First Minister from 1998 to 2001, statement that the RUC was “97% Protestant and 100% unionist” (Royal Ulster Constabulary 2006).

The Black and Tans
The Black and Tans

Author: D. M. Leeson

Publisher: OUP Oxford

Published: 2011-08-25

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0191618918

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This is the story of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries, the most notorious police forces in the history of the British Isles. During the Irish War of Independence (1920-1), the British government recruited thousands of ex-soldiers to serve as constables in the Royal Irish Constabulary, the Black and Tans, while also raising a paramilitary raiding force of ex-officers - the Auxiliary Division. From the summer of 1920 to the summer of 1921, these forces became the focus of bitter controversy. As the struggle for Irish independence intensified, the police responded to ambushes and assassinations by the guerrillas with reprisals and extrajudicial killings. Prisoners and suspects were abused and shot, the homes and shops of their families and supporters were burned, and the British government was accused of imposing a reign of terror on Ireland. Based on extensive archival research, this is the first serious study of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries and the part they played in the Irish War of Independence. Dr Leeson examines the organization and recruitment of the British police, the social origins of police recruits, and the conditions in which they lived and worked, along with their conduct and misconduct once they joined the force, and their experiences and states of mind. For the first time, it tells the story of the Irish conflict from the police perspective, while casting new light on the British government's responsibility for reprisals, the problems of using police to combat insurgents, and the causes of atrocities in revolutionary wars.

Churchill and Ireland
Churchill and Ireland

Author: Paul Bew

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 230

ISBN-13: 019875521X

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The full story of Winston Churchill's lifelong engagement with Ireland and the Irish. A long overdue book which at last addresses the most neglected part of Churchill's legacy, on both sides of the Irish Sea.

Specials
Specials

Author: Scott Westerfeld

Publisher: Simon and Schuster

Published: 2010-03-04

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 1847389112

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"Special Circumstances" - These words have sent chills down Tally's spine since her days as a rebellious Ugly. Back then Specials were a sinister rumour - frighteningly beautiful, dangerously strong, breathtakingly fast. Ordinary pretties might live their whole lives without meeting a Special. But Tally's never been ordinary… Now she's been turned into one of them: a superamped fighting machine, engineered to keep the Uglies down and the Pretties stupid. The strength, the speed, and the clarity and focus of her thinking feel better than anything Tally can remember… most of the time. One tiny corner of her heart still remembers something more. Still, it's easy to tune that out - until Tally's offered a chance to stamp out the rebels of the New Smoke permanently. It all comes down to one last choice: carry out the mission she's programmed to complete, or listen to that tiny, faint heartbeat telling her that something's wrong… Either way, Tally's world will never be the same.

The Red Hand
The Red Hand

Author: Steve Bruce

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 1992

Total Pages: 344

ISBN-13:

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Self-proclaimed defenders of Ulster, condemned by their opponents as thugs and murderers, Protestant paramilitaries have been responsible for around half of the civilian casualties in Ulster. Their operations have succeeded on occasion in subverting major political initiatives and have even brought down a government. Yet despite the familiarity of such names as the UDA, the UVF, the Red Hand commando, and the Shankhill Butchers, such groups remain little studied and poorly understood. This book, the first comprehensive study of loyalist terrorism in Ulster, draws on extensive interviews with terrorists conducted by the author, to assemble the most accurate picture possible of their methods and motives. Steve Bruce examines all aspects of their organizations from their origins and background, to the way in which they recruit their members, raise funds, and select and execute their terrorist operations. He also discusses claims that the security forces have at times turned a blind eye to the Protestant paramilitaries' activities. Bruce concludes by arguing that the paradoxical nature of pro-state terrorism - which seeks to maintain, rather than overturn, state power by violent means - informs every significant aspect of the loyalists' activities. In addition to being an important contribution to our understanding of the relationship between terrorism and the modern state, The Red Hand is essential reading for anyone who wishes to gain a fuller understanding of Northern Ireland's present Troubles.