This paper examines the role of minimum taxes and attempts to quantify their impact on economic activity. Minimum taxes can be effective at shoring up the corporate tax base and enhancing the perceived equity of the tax system, potentially motivating broader taxpayer compliance. Where political and administrative constraints prevent reforms to the standard corporate income tax, a minimum tax can help mitigate base erosion from excessive tax incentives and avoidance. Using a new panel dataset that catalogues changes in minimum tax regimes over time around the world, firm-level analysis suggests that the introduction or reform of a minimum tax is associated with an increase in the average effective tax rate of just over 1.5 percentage points with respect to turnover and of around 10 percent with respect to operating income. Minimum taxes based on modified corporate income lead to the largest increases in effective tax rates, followed by those based on assets and turnover.
Taxation is a discipline that does not receive sufficient academic attention. It is typically viewed as a subset of law, accounting, public policy, economics, or finance. In this respect, most academic efforts in the field of taxation are shadowed by a mother discipline. There is currently an unprecedented need to approach tax pedagogy in a way that is independent of another discipline. This book caters to that real and unmet need in tax pedagogy. One of the book’s advantages is that it is not tied to a specific tax year and does not coddle the reader with volumes of time-sensitive information. In this book the tax year is never the focus, as the center stage is reserved for teaching the principles and skills necessary to independently find answers. The reader will learn to appreciate the complexity of the American tax system and will be endowed with the contextual understanding necessary to formulate educated opinions about how taxes work and, most importantly, why. Contrary to common belief, taxation in the United States has remained fairly stable for the last 100 years. This book uses the federal individual income tax as a vehicle to unveil the mechanics that make up the American tax system. This book is essential reading for students taking a first course in taxation, at the undergraduate or graduate level, as part of programs in accounting, law, public administration, or business at large.
JCS-5-05. Joint Committee Print. Provides an explanation of tax legislation enacted in the 108th Congress. Arranged in chronological order by the date each piece of legislation was signed into law. This document, prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation in consultation with the staffs of the House Committee on Ways and Means and the Senate Committee on Finance, provides an explanation of tax legislation enacted in the 108th Congress. The explanation follows the chronological order of the tax legislation as signed into law. For each provision, the document includes a description of present law, explanation of the provision, and effective date. Present law describes the law in effect immediately prior to enactment. It does not reflect changes to the law made by the provision or subsequent to the enactment of the provision. For many provisions, the reasons for change are also included. In some instances, provisions included in legislation enacted in the 108th Congress were not reported out of committee before enactment. For example, in some cases, the provisions enacted were included in bills that went directly to the House and Senate floors. As a result, the legislative history of such provisions does not include the reasons for change normally included in a committee report. In the case of such provisions, no reasons for change are included with the explanation of the provision in this document. In some cases, there is no legislative history for enacted provisions. For such provisions, this document includes a description of present law, explanation of the provision, and effective date, as prepared by the staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation. In some cases, contemporaneous technical explanations of certain bills were prepared and published by the staff of the Joint Committee. In those cases, this document follows the technical explanations. Section references are to the Internal Revenue Code unless otherwise indicated.
This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.
The official account of the advisory panel formed by Presi-dent George W. Bush to identify major problems in the U.S.Federal Tax Code and to recommend options to make the codesimpler, fairer and more conducive to economic growth. Thepanel's report was submitted to U.S. Secretary of the Trea-sury John W. Snow on Nov. 1, 2005. Chaired by Connie MackIII, the panel recommended 2 reform options: the SimplifiedIncome Tax Plan & the Growth & Investment Tax Plan.
Contains extensive coverage of the tax issues faced by all types of contractors, including large and small contractors, homebuilders, and other specialty trades, provides you with the clear, concise guidance you need to expertly address your tax issues.
On the 25th anniversary of Jeffrey Kwall's groundbreaking The Federal Income Taxation of Corporations, Partnerships, Limited Liability Companies, and Their Owners (now in its 6th edition), Kwall has done it again with a brand-new take on personal income tax in The Federal Income Taxation of Individuals: An Integrated Approach. Part of Foundation Press's forward-looking Doctrine and Practice Series, Kwall's book offers a modern approach to income tax designed to resonate with the current generation of law students. The book fully integrates the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and, in addition to the traditional cases, contains a collection of contemporary cases with provocative fact patterns that will interest all students. In that light, the book was designed to accommodate students with different learning styles by providing explanatory text and notes, detailed examples and problems, and a myriad of text boxes offering insights, discussion questions, online references, points worth noting, and applications to the practice of law. A primary goal of the book is to expose students to practical tax problems and to heighten student awareness of quality of practice issues. This goal dovetails with the book's recurring theme that economic considerations always outweigh tax considerations. The book consists of 18 Chapters. After an Introduction (Chapter 1), Chapters 2-8 focus on Gross Income. Because tax law is a foreign subject to most law students, these early chapters explore gross income in the context of familiar economic relationships (e.g., a business owner and its employees, a donor and a donee, a lender and a borrower). Chapters 9 and 10 address Deductions. In addition to focusing on allowance provisions, these chapters integrate the consequential impact of classifying deductions as section 62 deductions, miscellaneous itemized deductions, and other itemized deductions. Chapters 11-14 are focused on Timing questions with emphasis on the tax law's treatment of time value of money issues. Chapters 15 and 16 address Tax Rates and include coverage of assignment of income issues, capital gains and losses, and dividends. Chapter 17 highlights the Alternative Minimum Tax and Chapter 18 introduces the taxation of corporations and partnerships to whet students' appetites for future tax courses. The book is ideally suited for a three-credit or four-credit introductory income tax course.
