Between Waterloo and Gladstone's first ministry, Britain underwent a series of rapid and complex changes. At home, repression gave way to reform of the franchise, local government, education, poor relief, and the factory and legal systems. Further agitation arose in the 1840s over the CornLaws, the People's Charter, and the Irish Question. By the 1860s, Britain was able to bask in the glow of the mid-Victorian supremacy forged by its economic might and the foreign policy pursued by Castlereagh, Canning, and Palmerston, which maintained the balance of power and extended the colonialempire. Authoritative and incisive, this newly paperbacked volume in the Oxford History of England is a classic study of Britain in the ascendant.
Ever since Lytton Strachey mocked Thomas Arnold, Florence Nightingale and General Gordon in Eminent Victorians, the reputation of the Victorians and what they stood for has provoked vigorous debate.
This book concerns true salvation. Many original Christian writings were written to refute false teachings or heresy. This is the justification for this book. The heresy of Calvinism has risen and fallen several times since its origin. The concept of predestination is noted by several people in the 1000 years before Calvin. Muslims believe in predestination. Calvin had no original thoughts. He invented a system of terror to force his beliefs. The belief that some babies are born to go to hell to show God's glory (Calvin) is horrible. This book refutes those false interpretations. Reforms have occurred since the beginning. Adam and Eve reformed to become closer to God. Peter, John, and Paul fought Gnosticism in the early Church. Justin Martyr, Charlemagne, Constantine, Augustine, Patrick, Bede, Eriugena, King Alfred, Dustan, (the Tenth-Century Reformation), Anselm, Ockhan, Wyclif, Waldo, Hus, Gutenberg, (The printing press was the most powerful influence in the Reformation.), Wesel, Gerson, Luther, Melanchthon, Oecolampadius, Zwingli, Farel, Bullinger, Calvin, Beza, Bucer, Larimer, Hooper, Rildey, Knox, Erasmus, Paracelsus, Durer were all reformers (There are others not listed here.) In a review of the history of all the reformations in religion Calvin was only a speck. Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion is reviewed in some detail. This reveals a distortion of Scripture, a lack of knowledge of the love of Christ, and ignorance that Christ died for "the sins of the whole world." (I John 2:2) This book gives the simple process of true salvation and also an in-depth review for those who like to explore the deep recesses of knowledge.
This is a practical guide to the historical study of international politics. The focus is on the nuts and bolts of historical research--that is, on how to use original sources, analyze and interpret historical works, and actually write a work of history. Two appendixes provide sources sure to be indispensable for anyone doing research in this area. The book does not simply lay down precepts. It presents examples drawn from the author's more than forty years' experience as a working historian. One important chapter, dealing with America's road to war in 1941, shows in unprecedented detail how an interpretation of a major historical issue can be developed. The aim throughout is to throw open the doors of the workshop so that young scholars, both historians and political scientists, can see the sort of thought processes the historian goes through before he or she puts anything on paper. Filled with valuable examples, this is a book anyone serious about conducting historical research will want to have on the bookshelf.
The Colonial Career of John Gorrie is a biographical study of Sir John Gorrie, a Scottish lawyer, who served as a judge and as chief justice in several multi-racial British colonies (Mauritius, Fiji, the Leeward Islands, Trinidad and Tobago) in the second half of the nineteenth century. Holding radical political and social views, especially a conviction that persons of all ethnic and class backgrounds should enjoy equal justice under the British crown, he was a controversial jurist who inspired both bitter opposition from colonial elites and intense admiration from the 'subject races' in each place he served...A maverick official of the British Crown, Gorrie tried to use his judicial office to secure justice and protection for ex-slaves, indentured labourers, indigenous peoples and other nonwhite groups in the empire. Law, Justice and Empire is an original contribution to the comparative history of the nineteenth century British empire, as well as to the history of the Caribbean, Mauritius and Fiji in that period. It extends our understanding of the empire and how it was administered.
In this wide-ranging history of modern Britain, Eric Evans surveys every aspect of the period in which Britain was transformed into the world's first industrial power. By the end of the nineteenth century, Britain was still ruled by wealthy landowners, but the world over which they presided had been utterly transformed. It was an era of revolutionary change unparalleled in Britain - yet that change was achieved without political revolution. Ranging across the developing empire, and dealing with such central institutions as the church, education, health, finance and rural and urban life, The Shaping of Modern Britain provides an unparallelled account of Britain's rise to superpower status. Particular attention is given to the Great Reform Act of 1832, and the implications of the 1867 Reform Act are assessed. The book discusses: - the growing role of the central state in domestic policy making - the emergence of the Labour party - the Great Depression - the acquisition of a vast territorial empire Comprehensive, informed and engagingly written, The Shaping of Modern Britain will be an invaluable introduction for students of this key period of British history.
In this comprehensive and original study, a distinguished specialist and scholar of African affairs argues that the current crisis in African development can be traced directly to European colonial rule, which left the continent with a "singularly difficult legacy" that is unique in modern history. Crawford Young proposes a new conception of the state, weighing the different characteristics of earlier European empires (including those of Holland, Portugal, England, and Venice) and distilling their common qualities. He then presents a concise and wide-ranging history of colonization in Africa, from the era of construction through consolidation and decolonization. Young argues that several qualities combined to make the European colonial experience in Africa distinctive. The high number of nations competing for power around the continent and the necessity to achieve effective occupation swiftly yet make the colonies self-financing drove colonial powers toward policies of "ruthless extractive action." The persistent, virulent racism that established a distance between rulers and subjects was especially central to African colonial history. Young concludes by turning his sights to other regions of the once-colonized world, comparing the fates of former African colonies to their counterparts elsewhere. In tracing both the overarching traits and variations in African colonial states, he makes a strong case that colonialism has played a critical role in shaping the fate of this troubled continent.
The Victorian era takes its name from Queen Victoria, who ruled over Great Britain during a time of revolution, popular emancipation from monarchical rule, metric industry growth, urban decay, and imperial expansion. This compelling edition examines the events and the eccentric personalities of the Victorian era. Chapters present relevant topics in accessible language, maps, and timelines to facilitate student research. Topics analyzed in this edition include: the new world under Queen Victoria, innovations in technology and industrialization, the splendor and the abuses of Victorian England, various reform movements, life and leisure, and the eventual decline of the Victorian era.
This authoritative account of the Church in England covers its history from earliest times to the late twentieth century. Includes chapters on the Roman, Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, Norman, and Medieval periods before a description of the Reformation and its effects, the Stuart period, and the Industrial Age, with a final chapter on the modern church through 1972.
