Applied Coal Petrology
Applied Coal Petrology

Author: Isabel Suarez-Ruiz

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2008-10-09

Total Pages: 415

ISBN-13: 0080951546

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This book is an integrated approach towards the applications of coal (organic) petrology and discusses the role of this science in the field of coal and coal-related topics. Coal petrology needs to be seen as a continuum of organic (macerals) and inorganic (minerals and trace elements) contributions to the total coal structure, with the overprint of coal rank. All this influences the behavior of coal in utilization, the coal by-products, the properties of coal as a reservoir for methane or a sequestration site for carbon dioxide, and the relationships of coal utilization with health and environmental issues. The interaction of coal properties and coal utilization begins at the mine face. The breakage of the coal in mining influences its subsequent beneficiation. Beneficiation is fundamental to the proper combustion of coal and is vital to the preparation of the feedstock for the production of metallurgical coke. An understanding of basic coal properties is important for achieving reductions in trace element emissions and improving the efficiency of combustion and combined-cycle gasification. The production of methane from coal beds is related to the properties of the in situ coal. Similarly, coal bed sequestration of carbon dioxide produced from combustion is dependent on the reservoir properties. Environmental problems accompany coal on its way from the mine to the point of utilization and beyond. Health aspects related with coal mining and coal utilization are also included because, in planning for coal use, it is impossible to separate environmental and health issues from the discussion of coal utilization. The book is aimed at a wide audience, ranging from researchers, lecturers and students to professionals in industry and discusses issues (such as the environmental, and health) that are of concern to the general public as a whole. - This book focuses on the applications of coal (organic) petrology to our modern society - It is an integrated approach to help the reader appreciate the importance of coal quality and coal utilization. Coal composition (macerals, mineral, trace elements) and the overprint of coal rank are treated together - The book synthesises all the possibilities of the organic petrology as a tool for coal utilization in conventional applications (mining and beneficiation, coal combustion, gasification, liquefaction, carbonization), as a precursor of carbon materials and as a petroleum source and reservoir rock - The role of applied petrology in the characterization of solid by-products from coal utilization is also discussed - In addition, this book describes the present status of environmental and health problems linked to coal utilization and the ways in which such problems might be overcome in the future

Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas
Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas

Author: Yatish T. Shah

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-03-16

Total Pages: 848

ISBN-13: 1315302330

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Commercial development of energy from renewables and nuclear is critical to long-term industry and environmental goals. However, it will take time for them to economically compete with existing fossil fuel energy resources and their infrastructures. Gas fuels play an important role during and beyond this transition away from fossil fuel dominance to a balanced approach to fossil, nuclear, and renewable energies. Chemical Energy from Natural and Synthetic Gas illustrates this point by examining the many roles of natural and synthetic gas in the energy and fuel industry, addressing it as both a "transition" and "end game" fuel. The book describes various types of gaseous fuels and how are they are recovered, purified, and converted to liquid fuels and electricity generation and used for other static and mobile applications. It emphasizes methane, syngas, and hydrogen as fuels, although other volatile hydrocarbons are considered. It also covers storage and transportation infrastructure for natural gas and hydrogen and methods and processes for cleaning and reforming synthetic gas. The book also deals applications, such as the use of natural gas in power production in power plants, engines, turbines, and vehicle needs. Presents a unified and collective look at gas in the energy and fuel industry, addressing it as both a "transition" and "end game" fuel. Emphasizes methane, syngas, and hydrogen as fuels. Covers gas storage and transport infrastructure. Discusses thermal gasification, gas reforming, processing, purification and upgrading. Describes biogas and bio-hydrogen production. Deals with the use of natural gas in power production in power plants, engines, turbines, and vehicle needs.

Arsenic in Ground Water
Arsenic in Ground Water

Author: Alan H. Welch

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-05-08

Total Pages: 476

ISBN-13: 0306479567

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Interest in arsenic in ground water has greatly increased in the past decade because of the increased awareness of human health effects and the costs of avoidance or treatment of ground water supplies used for consumption. The goal of this book is to provide a description of the basic processes that affect arsenic occurrence and transport by providing sufficient background information on arsenic geochemistry and descriptions of hi- arsenic ground water, both affected and unaffected by human activity. An understanding of thermodynamics, adsorption, and the speciation of arsenic in solid phases, which are described in first three chapters, is needed to predict the fate of arsenic in ground water systems. Large-scale and deep movement of ground water can and has redistributed arsenic in the near surface environment, as described in the next two chapters. These large-scale systems can affect large volumes of both ground water and surface water, such as in the Yellowstone system, and can produce mineralised zones that subsequently release arsenic to ground water supplies. Regional identification of high-arsenic ground water and its consumption as described in the next three chapters clearly demonstrates a need for increased wat- quality monitoring, particularly in south and southeast Asia. Chapters 9-11 provide examples of high arsenic ground water associated with sulfide mineral oxidation and alkaline conditions. Finally, smaller scale studies of the effects of human activities that have produced high-arsenic ground water and methods for attenuation of ground water are presented.

A Review of Water-quality, Biological Risk, and Discharge Monitoring Studies Relative to the Surface Disposal of Produced Waters from the Development of Coal-seam Methane in Alabama
A Review of Water-quality, Biological Risk, and Discharge Monitoring Studies Relative to the Surface Disposal of Produced Waters from the Development of Coal-seam Methane in Alabama

Author: Patrick E. O'Neil

Publisher:

Published: 1994

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13:

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The purpose of this report is to (1) summarize water quality and biomonitoring studies of coal-seam produced waters in Alabama; and (2) to present a monitoring approach for evaluating the risk, and acceptability of surface discharge for certain produced waters. The integrated monitoring approach, termed the Cedar Cove model, was developed for produced waters derived from the development of methane from coal seams in Alabama. The integrated monitoring approach consists of chemical-specific effluent monitoring, toxicological evaluation of the produced water, instream bioassessment, and continual water-quality monitoring of the receiving stream.