Studies on the Citrus Tristeza Virus and Citrus Viroids in Pakistan
Studies on the Citrus Tristeza Virus and Citrus Viroids in Pakistan

Author: Sagheer Atta

Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 148

ISBN-13: 9783659209963

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Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is distributed worldwide, and is the causal agent of one of the most economically important and destructive diseases of citrus.Direct tissue blot immuno-assay (DTBIA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to pre-select CTV isolates. CTV-infected samples were then preserved in the sweet orange by graft-inoculation. The target sequences of the major coat protection gene (p25 gene) were amplified from the CTV-infected samples using RT-PCR, and the p25 genes of these isolates were analyzed by RFLP and SSCP for investigating the p25/Hinf I RFLP groups. Genetic differences and genetic relationships and the sequences of 4 genomic regions p23, p20, p18, and p25 of the 21 CTV isolates were amplified and sequenced using RT-PCR and with a sequencer. Using sequence analysis, the differences were therefore estimated among the CTV isolates from cultivated citrus. Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), Citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd), Citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd), and Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) were detected by one-step multiplex RT-PCR assay simultaneously.

Citrus Tristeza Virus
Citrus Tristeza Virus

Author: Antonino F. Catara

Publisher: Humana

Published: 2020-08-14

Total Pages: 247

ISBN-13: 9781493995608

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This book provides methods and clear protocols for the various technologies available to detect, characterize, and study Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the genus Closterovirus, family Closteroviridae. Thanks to the highly sensitive and specific diagnostic procedures developed, knowledge of the molecular characteristics, expression strategies, genetic variability, and epidemiology of the virus has improved significantly, as this volume reflects. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Citrus Tristeza Virus: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for plant pathologists, plant virologists, molecular biologists, and graduate students interested in performing qualitative and quantitative tests as well as recently-developed diagnostic methods in order to find solutions to improve the management of this disease.

A Century of Plant Virology in India
A Century of Plant Virology in India

Author: Bikash Mandal

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2017-11-28

Total Pages: 800

ISBN-13: 9811056722

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The book is a compilation of research work carried out on plant viruses during past 100 years in India. Plant viruses are important constraints in Indian agriculture. Tropical and sub-tropical environments and intensive crop cultivation practices ideally favours perpetuation of numerous plant viruses and their vectors in India, which often cause wide spread crop losses. Of all the plant pathogens, studies of plant viruses have received a special attention as they are difficult to manage. A large body of literature has been published on the plant virus research from India during past 100 years; however the information is so far not available in one place. This book provides comprehensive information on the biology, molecular biology, epidemics, crop losses, diagnosis and management of viruses and viroids occurring in India. Description of properties of the viruses are provided in the chapters comprising of different genera such as Allexivirus, Begomovirus, Babuvirus, Badnavirus, Carlavirus, Carmovirus, Cucumovirus, Closterovirus, Ilavirus, Mandrivirus, Potyvirus, Tospovirus, Tungrovirus and Sobemovirus. Virus-vector research related to aphid, thrips and whitefly is discussed. The work on the management aspects of plant viral diseases has been described with reference to the conventional, antiviral and transgenic approaches. Further, the quarantine mechanism developed in India for the exclusion of viruses and vectors has also been included. The book also provides useful information about the capacity building on the research and education on Plant Virology in India. Overall, the book covers a wide range of accounts of research findings and innovations in Plant Virology in India during past 100 years. The book will be a resourceful reference to the students, scientists, agricultural professionals and policy makers.

The Genus Citrus
The Genus Citrus

Author: Manuel Talon

Publisher: Woodhead Publishing

Published: 2020-01-21

Total Pages: 540

ISBN-13: 012812217X

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The Genus Citrus presents the enormous amount of new knowledge that has been generated in recent years on nearly all topics related to citrus. Beginning with an overview of the fundamental principles and understanding of citrus biology and behavior, the book provides a comprehensive view from Citrus evolution to current market importance. Reporting on new insights supported by the elucidation of the citrus genome sequence, it presents groundbreaking theories and fills in previous knowledge gaps. Because citrus is among the most difficult plants to improve through traditional breeding, citrus researchers, institutions and industries must quickly learn to adapt to new developments, knowledge and technologies to address the biological constraints of a unique fruit-tree such as citrus. Despite the challenges of working with citrus, tremendous progress has been made, mostly through advances in molecular biology and genomics. This book is valuable for all those involved with researching and advancing, producing, processing, and delivering citrus products. Includes the most current research on citrus genomic information Provides the first detailed description of citrus origin, a new proposal for citrus taxonomy, and a redefinition of the genus Citrus Details citrus challenges including climate change, global disease impacts, and plant improvement strategies

Citrus
Citrus

Author: Muhammad Sarwar Khan

Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand

Published: 2021-11-03

Total Pages: 332

ISBN-13: 1839687231

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Citrus is an extensively produced fruit crop and is cultivated predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The Citrus genus consists of a variable number of species due to the admixture of wide morphological diversity, intra- and interspecific sexual compatibility, apomixis, and spontaneous mutations. Citrus fruits are highly nutritious and beneficial for health due to the presence of bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and blood clot-inhibiting characteristics. This book describes the citrus plant and its nutrients, nutritional value, and nutraceutical applications, as well as related biotic and abiotic challenges in its cultivation. Chapters cover such topics as citrus genealogy, production, and crop management; milestones achieved in citrus improvement; importance of weather conditions in cropping systems; effects of changing climate on citrus; and much more.

Viroids and Satellites
Viroids and Satellites

Author: Ahmed Hadidi

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2017-07-18

Total Pages: 754

ISBN-13: 0128017023

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Viroids and Satellites describes plant diseases and their causal agents while also addressing the economic impact of these diseases. The book discusses various strategies for state-of-the-art methods for the detection and control of pathogens in their infected hosts and provides pivotal information from the discovery of viroids through the analysis of their molecular and biological properties, to viroid pathogenesis, host interactions, and RNA silencing pathways. Students, researchers and regulators will find this to be a comprehensive resource on the topics presented. Provides coverage of the basic biological properties of disease, along with applied knowledge Features economic impacts, transmission, geographical distribution, epidemiology, detection, and control within each chapter Organizes viroid diseases by viroid taxonomy and viroid species

Aphids as Virus Vectors
Aphids as Virus Vectors

Author: Kerry F. Harris

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2014-05-10

Total Pages: 576

ISBN-13: 1483273881

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Aphids as Virus Vectors focuses on aphids as vectors of plant viruses and the fundamentals of their relationship with virus and host. The mouthparts and feeding mechanism of aphids are discussed, along with aphid penetration of plant tissues and the transmission mechanisms of aphids as virus vectors. The intrinsic properties and taxonomy of aphid-borne viruses are also examined. Comprised of 22 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the importance of aphids as vectors, their biology, and the properties of the viruses they transmit. These introductory chapters prepare the reader for later ones on aphid-virus-plant interactions. The next section deals with transmission mechanisms, with emphasis on several novel alternatives to many of the traditionally held concepts of how aphids transmit viruses. Accessory factors in non-persistent virus transmission are considered. Subsequent chapters focus on technological advances in aphid-virus research, including the use of aphid cell culturing, radioisotope methodology, membrane feeding, and electrical measurement systems. The most promising frontiers in epidemiological and control-oriented research are discussed in the last two sections. This monograph will be a useful resource for researchers from such varied sciences as entomology, plant science, and virology, as well as for graduate students taking entomology and plant pathology courses on insects in relation to plant diseases.

The Lime
The Lime

Author: M Mumtaz Khan

Publisher: CABI

Published: 2017-05-08

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 1780647840

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This book is a comprehensive and up-to-date resource covering the botany, production and uses of limes. The lime is an important fruit crop throughout citrus producing regions of the world, with its own specific benefits, culture and marketplace, but producers face issues affecting successful cultivation and production. Authored by an international team of experts and presented in full colour throughout, this book is an essential resource for academic researchers and specialist extension workers, in addition to growers and producers involved in the citrus industry.

Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 1
Studies in Viral Ecology, Volume 1

Author: Christon J. Hurst

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-06-20

Total Pages: 389

ISBN-13: 1118025652

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This book explains the ecology of viruses by examining their interactive dynamics with their hosting species (in this volume, in microbes and plants), including the types of transmission cycles that viruses have evolved encompassing principal and alternate hosts, vehicles, and vectoring species. Examining virology from an organismal biology approach and focusing on the concept that viral infections represent areas of overlap in the ecologies of the involved species, Viral Ecology is essential for students and professionals who either may be non-virologists or virologists whose previous familiarity has been very specialized.