Offers an integrated presentation of the microbial, agronomic and recycling aspects of soil faunal potentials, emphasizing agricultural ecosystems and furnishing methods for modelling food webs. The text covers morphology, reproduction, abundances, basic requirements, competition, predation, parasitism, nutrient cycling and phytopathological intera
Animals are important components of any ecosystem and it is impossible to describe structure and funCtioning of the Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems without including this part of the system. However, the strong diversity between functionally highly different fauna groups makes it impossible to study all groups in great detail with the funds and expertise available in Fennoscandia. Relatively few productivity studies were carried out on animals in Fenno scandian tundra regions before the IBP projects started in 1969-1970. Within IBP, more fauna groups have been investigated in the Norwegian tundra project than in the other countries, due to better financial support. Even in Norway, however, only a limited number of invertebrate and vertebrate taxons is studied. General lack of information on the same animals in various parts of the Fennoscandian tundra makes it more difficult to present structural and functional comparisons of fauna for the whole region than in plants and microorganisms (see Part 1 of Fennoscandian Tundra Ecosystems). Brief surveys on faunal problems within the area are given in the introduction to the animal section, and general aspects are also discussed in the four first papers of the volume.
An evolving, living organic/inorganic covering, soil is in dynamic equilibrium with the atmosphere above, the biosphere within, and the geology below. It acts as an anchor for roots, a purveyor of water and nutrients, a residence for a vast community of microorganisms and animals, a sanitizer of the environment, and a source of raw materials for co
A comprehensive study of the biology, taxonomy, and ecology of each of the soil biotic groups. The first chapter presents an ecological approach to soil studies. The remaining 42 chapters provide specific information on each of the taxonomic groupings. Contains illustrated identification keys to each group. Some keys go by functional morphological delineations; others lead the reader to classical identification at family, genus, or species levels. Some incorporate descriptions of new genera and species. Especially useful for the study of mesic, xeric, and hydric terrestrial sites. Includes an extensive bibliography.
The Handbook of Soil Science provides a resource rich in data that gives professional soil scientists, agronomists, engineers, ecologists, biologists, naturalists, and their students a handy reference about the discipline of soil science. This handbook serves professionals seeking specific, factual reference information. Each subsection includes a description of concepts and theories; definitions; approaches; methodologies and procedures; tabular data; figures; and extensive references.
Pesticide usage is increasing worldwide and considered among the main factors contributing to the global decline in biodiversity. This Research Topic provides an overview of the state-of-knowledge regarding non-target effects of herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and rodenticides on a variety of ecosystem functions and organisms. Taxa covered in the contributions include algae, amphibians, aquatic fungi, aquatic insects, bats, bumblebees, butterflies, earthworms, enchytraeids, honeybees, plants, rodents and soil microorganisms. The papers also highlight many gaps in our understanding of non-target effects of pesticides and their consequences for biodiversity and functions of various ecosystems. Overall, it became clear that priorities for future work on pesticides and their effects should more focus on investigating or simulating realistic field situations, i.e., multiple applications of pesticides during the growing season including their temporal and spatial interactions with fauna and flora.
Reproduction of Marine Invertebrates, Volume III: Annelids and Echiurans illustrates the importance of annelids and echiurans in the evolution of reproductive mechanisms and in the ecology of the sea. It discusses the asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction capacity, and developmental stages of specific annelids, such as polychaeta and clitellata, and of echiurans. The annelids appear to be midway forms in the evolutionary progression of the metazoans. The echiurans, with close affinities to the annelids, are organisms that have become increasingly important for researches in developmental biology. The book will be helpful to marine scientists and biologists, reproduction researchers, and developmental biologists.