Usan is a Papuan language. In this monograph on the grammatical structures of Usan and their function the author shows the unique features of this language: how speakers can exploit certain principles for communicative purposes, how the language reflects their physical environment. Uniqueness can only be shown in the context of communality with other languages. This monograph offers numerous occasions to observe similarities and differences between Usan and other language, those that can be called Papuan in particular.
The book is about the working pattern of the constitutional governments in four major countries of the world- UK, USA, France and China. There is a justification for selecting these constitutions in this work as they are the representative constitutions, representative in the sense, they were the nations where the constitutional practices had first witnessed and experimented historically. They remain as referential authorities for clarification and citations. If UK is known for parliamentary type of governmental operations, the USA is an authority on presidential form of government with authoritarian postures. France is an example for a mixture of democratic and communist experiments with multiple parties, and the reason for picking up the Chinese constitution for investigation is best known. It is the only surviving communist model in the world. Though, several works have cropped up recently around the subject focusing on different aspects of these constitutions, this work is, in a sense, unique, as an attempt is made here to present the original articles of the constitution in verbatim. Moreover, the volume presents a fairly comprehensive view of the working of the parliamentary, presidential, and communist patterns of government and demonstrates patently why these constitutions should remain reference texts.
This volume is a comprehensive guide to the methodologies used in the study of structural domains of cell nuclei. The text covers chromatin, the karyoskeleton, the soluble domain, and the nucleolus. It details methods that are used to isolate components from these domains and techniques used to assemble and disassemble nuclear elements. There is also coverage of three-dimensional mapping and localization of nuclear processes. Key Features * Provides a practical laboratory guide for studying cell nuclei * Includes comprehensive and easy-to-follow protocols
This volume provides a comprehensive look at the biology of plastids, the multifunctional biosynthetic factories that are unique to plants and algae. Fifty-six international experts have contributed 28 chapters that cover all aspects of this large and diverse family of plant and algal organelles. The book is divided into five sections: (I): Plastid Origin and Development; (II): The Plastid Genome and Its Interaction with the Nuclear Genome; (III): Photosynthetic Metabolism in Plastids; (IV): Non-Photosynthetic Metabolism in Plastids; (V): Plastid Differentiation and Response to Environmental Factors. Each chapter includes an integrated view of plant biology from the standpoint of the plastid. The book is intended for a wide audience, but is specifically designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and scientists in the fields of photosynthesis, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, and plant biology.
This volume is the second part of the book on "Chromatin Structure and Function", which resulted from a NATO-Advanced Study Institute held at Erice during April 1978. In addition to giving an updated and detailed description of various levels of chromatin organization, i. e. octamers, nucleosomes, multimers, solenoid and higher order fibers (including the most recent, yet unpublished, findings), it focuses, in a tutorial and organic format, on the possible mechanisms controlling transcription and on the basic biological phenomena (either genetic or epigenetic) related to cell aging, cell cycle, differentiation, transformation and chemical carcinogenesis. The most significant (sometime spirite~ discussion sessions have been included at the end of every section. Their clarifying nature is further supported by the final section (V), which summarizes and reviews the current state of the art on the genetic apparatus and its constituents. All chapters have selected up-to-date references; quite a few have an extensive bibliography both in terms of basic reference books and most recent findings. A few chapters, dealing at the level of intact cell and/or in classical genetic terms, with aging, differentiation and neoplastic transformation, have been included to furnish a more comprehensive view of fundamental cell functions directly and indirectly related to the structure and function of the genetic apparatus. At the same time it is hoped that interested students and investigators will find in the chapters of this volume the necessary and stimulating introduction to the wide variety of fundamental mechanism and phenomena occurring in higher eukaryotes.
This Special Issue Book, “Marine Bioactive Peptides: Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential" includes up-to-date information regarding bioactive peptides isolated from marine organisms. Marine peptides have been found in various phyla, and their numbers have grown in recent years. These peptides are diverse in structure and possess broad-spectrum activities that have great potential for medical applications. Various marine peptides are evolutionary ancient molecular factors of innate immunity that play a key role in host defense. A plethora of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anticoagulant, endotoxin-binding, immune-modulating, etc., make marine peptides an attractive molecular basis for drug design. This Special Issue Book presents new results in the isolation, structural elucidation, functional characterization, and therapeutic potential evaluation of peptides found in marine organisms. Chemical synthesis and biotechnological production of marine peptides and their mimetics is also a focus of this Special Issue Book.
This book provides a detailed description of all kinds of therapeutic antibodies including IgGs, IgAs, IgEs, and IgMs, bispecific antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor antibodies, and antibody fragments. Details about how each of these antibodies interact with their ligands, the immune system, and their targets are provided. Additionally, this book delves into the details of antibody, Fc, and variable chain structures, and how subtle changes in structure, charge, flexibility, post-translational modification, and the ability to bind to natural antibody ligands can result in a significant impact on antibody activity and functionality. Finally, the book explains the critical quality attributes of modern therapeutic antibodies and how to ensure that antibodies entering development have the best possible chance of success.
