Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis

Author: Elizabeth K. Weisburger

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 210

ISBN-13: 9400925263

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but also the possibility of intervention in specific stages. In Human behavior, including stress and other factors, plays an important role in neoplasia, although too little is known addition, variables which affect cancer development as well on the reasons for such development. Carcinogens, which as some endogenous factors can be better delineated help initiate the neoplastic process, may be either synthetic through such investigations. The topics of this volume encompass premalignant non or naturally-occurring. Cancer causation may be ascribed to invasive lesions, species-specific aspects of carcinogenicity, certain chemicals, physical agents, radioactive materials, viruses, parasites, the genetic make-up of the organism, and radiation, viruses, a quantum theory of carinogenesis, onco bacteria. Humans, eumetazoan animals and vascular plants genes, and selected environmental carcinogens. are susceptible to the first six groups of cancer causes, whe reas the last group, bacteria, seems to affect only vascular plants. Neoplastic development may begin with impairment ofJmdy defenses by a toxic material (carcinogen) which acts as an initiator, followed by promotion and progression to an overt neoplastic state. Investigation of these processes Series Editor Volume Editor allows not only a better insight into the mechanism of action Hans E. Kaiser Elizabeth K. Weisburger vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Inspiration and encouragement for this wide ranging project on cancer distribution and dissemination from a comparative biological and clinical point of view, was given by my late friend E. H. Krokowski.

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease
How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Publisher:

Published: 2010

Total Pages: 728

ISBN-13:

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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Chemical Mutagens
Chemical Mutagens

Author: Frederick J. De Serr

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 394

ISBN-13: 1461336945

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Volume 8 of Chemical Mutagens covers a wide range of topics in this continuously changing field. This volume includes chapters on the detection of genetic damage in mammalian sperm both at specific loci and over the entire genome. The discussion of in vitro techniques for working with mammalian cells covers not only specific locus assays but also cellular activation systems. Another chapter extensively discusses the need for a revised protocol for the micronucleus assay. Structure activity relationships are investigated in a chapter dealing with hair dye constituents. One of the most comprehensive chapters deals with problems associated with the detection of mutagenic effects in defined human populations. Finally, there is a detailed presentation of a comprehensive study tabulating the genetic bioassay data on some known or suspected human carcinogens. In keeping with our policy of publishing important legislation in the area of chemical mutagens, we have also included the Council of the European Communities Directive of 18 September 1979. Frederick J. de Serres Research Triangle Park, North Carolina vii Contents Chapter 1 Detection of Effects of Mutagens in Human Populations George R. Hoffmann 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Monitoring Progeny for Evidence of Germ-Cell Mutations. . . . . 3 2. 1. The Classical Approach: Phenotypic Monitoring . . . . . . . 3 2. 2. Monitoring for Changes in Gene Products . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Detection of Gene Mutations in Somatic Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. 1. Drug-Resistant Lymphocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 3. 2. Hemoglobin Variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. Nongenetic Indicators of Mutagen Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 1. Alkylation of Proteins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 4. 2. DNA Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Advances in Mutagenesis Research
Advances in Mutagenesis Research

Author: Günter Obe

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 250

ISBN-13: 3642774660

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Applied genetic research, genetic toxicology and mutation research investigate the mutagenicity and cancerogenicity of chemicals and other agents. Permanent mutation in genes and chromosomes, can be induced by aplethora of agents, including ionizing and nonionizing radiations, chemicals, and viruses. Among the aspects discused by Advances in Mutagenesis Research are (1) the understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to mutations, and (2) the prevention of a thoughtless introduction of mutagenic agents into the environment. Contents: Nikolay W. Timofeeff-Ressovsky (1900-1981): An Essay on his Life and Scientific Achievements. - Arylnitrenium Ions and the Genotoxic Potency of Aromatic Amines and Nitro Compounds. - Analysisof Mutagenicity and Chemical Structure in Various Series of Related Compounds. - Formation of 8-Hydroxyguanine by Oxidative DNA Damage, its Repair and its Mutagenic Effects. - Exploring Genetic and Non-Genetic Relationships: The Induction of Micronuclei. - Mechanisms of Induced Mutagenesis by Ultraviolet Light in Escherichia coli. - Polytene Chromosomes in Mutagenesis. Three-Way Differential Stainingof Chromosomes for the Identification of SCEs per Cell Cycle: Fundamentals and Applications. - The Mammalian Centromere: Centromere Separation, Kinetochore Proteins and Aneuploidy. - Chorionic Villi Analysis. - ExploringGenetic and Non-Genetic Relationships: The Induction of Micronuclei.