Weight is an important concept in the elementary math classroom as is learning how to sort and classify objects. This colorful book uses familiar objects to exhibit the differences between the adjectives "heavy" and "light" and how objects that match these descriptions can be sorted from one another. After reviewing the concepts, readers can demonstrate their understanding at the conclusion of the book and apply their knowledge to situations outside the classroom, too.
CASL, the Common Algebraic Specification Language, was designed by the members of CoFI, the Common Framework Initiative for algebraic specification and development, and is a general-purpose language for practical use in software development for specifying both requirements and design. CASL is already regarded as a de facto standard, and various sublanguages and extensions are available for specific tasks. This book illustrates and discusses how to write CASL specifications. The authors first describe the origins, aims and scope of CoFI, and review the main concepts of algebraic specification languages. The main part of the book explains CASL specifications, with chapters on loose, generated and free specifications, partial functions, sub- and supersorts, structuring specifications, genericity and reusability, architectural specifications, and version control. The final chapters deal with tool support and libraries, and present a realistic case study involving the standard benchmark for comparing specification frameworks. The book is aimed at software researchers and professionals, and follows a tutorial style with highlighted points, illustrative examples, and a full specification and library index. A separate, complementary LNCS volume contains the CASL Reference Manual.
Intermediate Statistics: A Conceptual Course is a student-friendly text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses. It begins with an introductory chapter that reviews descriptive and inferential statistics in plain language, avoiding extensive emphasis on complex formulas. The remainder of the text covers 13 different statistical topics ranging from descriptive statistics to advanced multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Each chapter contains a description of the logic of each set of statistical tests or procedures and then introduces students to a series of data sets using SPSS, with screen captures and detailed step-by-step instructions. Students acquire an appreciation of the logic of descriptive and inferential statistics, and an understanding of which techniques are best suited to which kinds of data or research questions.
Offers step-by-step instructions designed to assist medium & large businesses, governments, & other organizations establish waste reduction programs. An overview on developing & implementing a waste reduction program is followed by a series of worksheets designed to help the waste reduction team conduct a waste assessment & devise a program tailored for its company' specific goals. Appendices include waste reduction ideas, regional EPA & State waste reduction program contacts, a glossary, volume-to-weight conversion tables, & a listing of common recyclable materials.
Even as simple a task as quenching thirst with a glass of water involves a sequence of perceptions and actions woven together by expectations and experience. What are the myriad links between perception and action, and what does cognition have to do with them? Intuitively we think that perception precedes action, but we also know that action moulds perception. The reciprocal links between perception and action are now accepted almost universally. The discovery of mirror neurons that encode observed actions has further emphasized the coupling of perception and action. The real aim of this research topic is to go beyond identifying the evidence for perception-action coupling, and study the cognitive entities and processes that influence the perception-action link. For example, the internal representations of perceived and produced events are created and modified through experience. Yet the perception action link is considered relatively automatic. To what extent is the perception-action link affected by representations and their manipulations by cognitive processes? Does selective attention modify the perception action coupling? How, and to what extent, does the context provide sources of cognitive control? The developmental trajectory of the perception-action link and the influence of cognition at various stages of development could be another line of important evidence. The responses to these and other such questions contribute to our understanding of this research area with significant implications for perception-action coupling.
Artificial Intelligence has changed significantly in recent years and many new resources and approaches are now available to explore and implement this important technology. Intelligent Systems: Principles, Paradigms, and Pragmatics takes a modern, 21st-century approach to the concepts of Artificial Intelligence and includes the latest developments, developmental tools, programming, and approaches related to AI. The author is careful to make the important distinction between theory and practice, and focuses on a broad core of technologies, providing students with an accessible and comprehensive introduction to key AI topics.
Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress are selected from nearly 2,000 papers submitted to the 34th FISITA World Automotive Congress, which is held by Society of Automotive Engineers of China (SAE-China ) and the International Federation of Automotive Engineering Societies (FISITA). This proceedings focus on solutions for sustainable mobility in all areas of passenger car, truck and bus transportation. Volume 9: Automotive Safety Technology focuses on: •Automotive Structure Crashworthiness •Occupant and Child Safety Protection •Pedestrian Protection •Crash Biomechanics •Crash Pre-Judge Technology /Traffic Accident Analysis and reconstruction •Crash Compatibilty •Driving Action Perception and Safety Assistance System •Vehicle Controls on Handing and Stability •Safety Standards and International Regulations Above all researchers, professional engineers and graduates in fields of automotive engineering, mechanical engineering and electronic engineering will benefit from this book. SAE-China is a national academic organization composed of enterprises and professionals who focus on research, design and education in the fields of automotive and related industries. FISITA is the umbrella organization for the national automotive societies in 37 countries around the world. It was founded in Paris in 1948 with the purpose of bringing engineers from around the world together in a spirit of cooperation to share ideas and advance the technological development of the automobile.
