Some Aspects of the Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage Repair
Author: Christopher Lovell Smith
Publisher:
Published: 2001
Total Pages: 460
ISBN-13:
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Articular Cartilage
Author: Kyriacos A. Athanasiou
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2017-01-06
Total Pages: 425
ISBN-13: 1439853258
DOWNLOAD EBOOKWell-known for their inability to heal, articular cartilage injuries often degenerate inexorably to disastrous impairment. Multitudes of treatments have been devised for this problem, but no satisfactory long-term solutions have been established. Written by world-class experts, Articular Cartilage covers the latest research and advancements related to biology, development, pathology, clinical applications, and tissue engineering. This book is useful for rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, cartilage biologists, and cartilage engineers as well as for professionals working in the orthopaedic and other musculoskeletal industries. This book also belongs in the library of primary care physicians, gerontologists, physical therapists, kinesiologists, and chiropractors. Written at a level that allows accessibility to a wide audience, it provides an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the breadth and depth of basic science, bioengineering, translational science, and detailed methodologic approaches. The authors examine the major events and signaling molecules that lead to development of articular cartilage from precursor cells, and the changes in cartilage as it matures and ages. They focus on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches for cartilage injury and the major arthritides that affect cartilage and the synovial joints such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. They supply an up-to-date overview of the field of tissue engineering as applied to articular cartilage repair. They examine a number of methods used to assess structure, composition, biology, and biomechanical function. Each chapter contains extensive references to enhance additional study. The book’s comprehensive focus on multiple aspects of articular cartilage sets it apart from other tissue engineering or developmental biology-based books available. It includes important discussions and perspectives on many of the remaining challenges and opportunities in the development and translation of new approaches for treating diseases of articular cartilage. It also provides detailed working protocols for many of the methods used to study articular cartilage, coverage of current treatment options, and business and regulatory aspects of the development of cartilage products. It provides a deeper understanding that will help with the development of new products and clinical applications.
Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Author: Kyriacos Athanasiou
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2022-06-01
Total Pages: 174
ISBN-13: 3031025784
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCartilage injuries in children and adolescents are increasingly observed, with roughly 20% of knee injuries in adolescents requiring surgery. In the US alone, costs of osteoarthritis (OA) are in excess of $65 billion per year (both medical costs and lost wages). Comorbidities are common with OA and are also costly to manage. Articular cartilage's low friction and high capacity to bear load makes it critical in the movement of one bone against another, and its lack of a sustained natural healing response has necessitated a plethora of therapies. Tissue engineering is an emerging technology at the threshold of translation to clinical use. Replacement cartilage can be constructed in the laboratory to recapitulate the functional requirements of native tissues. This book outlines the biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of articular cartilage in both normal and pathological states, through development and aging. It also provides a historical perspective of past and current cartilage treatments and previous tissue engineering efforts. Methods and standards for evaluating the function of engineered tissues are discussed, and current cartilage products are presented with an analysis on the United States Food and Drug Administration regulatory pathways that products must follow to market. This book was written to serve as a reference for researchers seeking to learn about articular cartilage, for undergraduate and graduate level courses, and as a compendium of articular cartilage tissue engineering design criteria. Table of Contents: Hyaline Articular Cartilage / Cartilage Aging and Pathology / In Vitro / Bioreactors / Future Directions
Mechanobiology and Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage Repair
Author: Quynhhoa T. Nguyen
Publisher:
Published: 2012
Total Pages: 155
ISBN-13: 9781267263285
DOWNLOAD EBOOKArticular cartilage has limited capacity to self-repair once damaged. Contact stresses and strains in areas of cartilage near the edges of a focal defect are altered during compression and articulation. To prevent further damage to the surrounding cartilage, cartilage defects can be repaired with a biomaterial or tissue with properties similar to those of normal cartilage to provide mechanical support and restore normal mechanical environment. Understanding structural and functional changes of native cartilage during maturation in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli is useful to fabricate cartilage tissues with properties approaching those of normal adult cartilage. Characterization of the restoration of biomechanical properties of cartilage defect with a repair material will provide valuable insights into the development of appropriate constructs to repair and restore cartilage function. To facilitate a study of cartilage mechanobiology, a novel material and biomechanical testing system that can induce a range of shear stress and strain in cartilage was developed and fully characterized. Such biomechanical testing system can be used as a framework to study cartilage responses to a mechanical stimulus that mimics certain aspects of articulating cartilage. The mechano-biological responses of immature articular cartilage were investigated by examining the structural and functional changes of cartilage in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli. Biochemical treatments of immature articular cartilage increased GAG release, reduced tissue GAG content, and increased tensile properties of immature articular cartilage. Dynamic compression, superimposed on biochemical treatment induced organization of collagen network to variable extents. The results suggest that cartilage maturation is a complex process that may involve metabolic processes in addition to matrix consolidation at the surface. The extent to which biomechanical environment of cartilage defect was restored with a biomaterials was elucidated using poly(ethylene glycol)- (PEG) hydrogels. PEG hydrogels with cartilage-like mechanical properties were fabricated, characterized, and inserted into a focal defect. The overall and local strains elevated in cartilage near the edge of an empty defect was returned to levels similar to intact cartilage when the defect was filled with PEG hydrogels. This suggests that a biomaterial or tissue with mechanical properties comparable to surrounding cartilage could be used to treat cartilage focal defects and restore its function.
Cartilage Repair Strategies
Author: Riley J. Williams
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Published: 2008-01-23
Total Pages: 383
ISBN-13: 1597453439
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThe focus of this book is to create a comprehensive analysis of cartilage injury and repair strategies. Twenty chapters cover proven and emerging procedures and methodologies. Readers will be able to understand the clinical problem, appropriate diagnosis, and repair strategies relevant to first line and secondary cartilage repair procedures.
Biomechanics of Articular Cartilage Defects
Author: Kenneth R. Gratz
Publisher:
Published: 2007
Total Pages: 219
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKArticular cartilage is the load-bearing connective tissue that covers the ends of long-bones in diarthoidal joints and provides low friction, wear resistant sliding during joint articulation. Cartilage has complex mechanical and surface properties that greatly complicate the biomechanics of contact between opposing cartilage surfaces. Focal damage to articular cartilage is common, and once initiated, shows limited capacity for repair. Furthermore, changes in the mechanical environment at a site of damage may make the tissue more susceptible to continued degeneration. The goal of this dissertation work was to contribute to the understanding of changes in the mechanical environment due to focal articular defects and to quantify the extent to which normal mechanical properties are restored following in vivo cartilage defect repair. Experimental methods were developed to allow in vitro mechanical testing of two contacting cartilage surfaces while tissue deformation was imaged; image analysis methods were introduced to automatically track fiducial markers within the tissue, and a mathematical framework was developed to describe the dynamic deformation and sliding between opposing surfaces from the movement of these discrete tissue markers. In vitro experiments on both bovine and human cartilage showed elevated axial compressive strains in the cartilage adjacent to a defect and sharp increases in shear and lateral strains in the region opposing the defect rim. Changes in intra-tissue strains arose early during compressive loading and were maintained following stress relaxation in the loaded state. Increased sliding was also observed between surfaces near a focal defect and was related to characteristics of the defect edge. Assessment of samples retrieved following in vivo defect repair showed that currently available cell-based therapies may result in greater integration strength than has previously been reported (~1/2 normal tensile strength), but that the tensile modulus of the repair tissue remains orders of magnitude lower than that of normal articular cartilage after 9 months in vivo. Understanding the changes in mechanical environment near a focal defect that are likely to lead to continued degeneration, and the ability for repair strategies to restore normal biomechanical tissue function, may help to guide treatments to arrest or reverse the degenerative process.
Mechanobiology
Author: J. F. Stoltz
Publisher: IOS Press
Published: 2008
Total Pages: 372
ISBN-13: 9781586039271
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book covers the proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on Mechanobiology of Cartilage and Chondrocyte. Mechanobiology can be now considered as a vigorous branch of biomechanics, biorheology and physiology mainly concerned with the study of the influence of mechanical forces on cells and tissues and their clinical or therapeutical applications. As we are now in the age of proteomics, genomics and cell micro mechanical approaches, suing methods like laser tweezers or confocal microscopy, mechanobiology brings new challenges. With such new research, mechanobiology promises new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In other respect there has been increasing interest over recent years in the fundamental role played by local mechanical parameters in chondrocyte regulations and cartilage dysfunctions as a first step in the development of osteoarthritis. These proceedings are sub-divided into four parts: Theoretical approaches and mechanobiology of chondrocyte; Cartilage and chondrocyte studies; Osteoarthritis: inflammation degradation and clinical approaches; and, Cartilage engineering
Contact Mechanics of Articular Cartilage Layers
Author: Ivan Argatov
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2015-06-15
Total Pages: 348
ISBN-13: 3319200836
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis book presents a comprehensive and unifying approach to articular contact mechanics with an emphasis on frictionless contact interaction of thin cartilage layers. The first part of the book (Chapters 1–4) reviews the results of asymptotic analysis of the deformational behavior of thin elastic and viscoelastic layers. A comprehensive review of the literature is combined with the authors’ original contributions. The compressible and incompressible cases are treated separately with a focus on exact solutions for asymptotic models of frictionless contact for thin transversely isotropic layers bonded to rigid substrates shaped like elliptic paraboloids. The second part (Chapters 5, 6, and 7) deals with the non-axisymmetric contact of thin transversely isotropic biphasic layers and presents the asymptotic modelling methodology for tibio-femoral contact. The third part of the book consists of Chapter 8, which covers contact problems for thin bonded inhomogeneous transversely isotropic elastic layers and Chapter 9, which addresses various perturbational aspects in contact problems and introduces the sensitivity of articular contact mechanics. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers in the area of biomechanics, and engineers interested and involved in the analysis and design of thin-layer structures.
Articular Cartilage Injury of the Knee: Basic Science to Surgical Repair
Author: James P. Stannard
Publisher: Thieme
Published: 2013-04-15
Total Pages: 364
ISBN-13: 1604068590
DOWNLOAD EBOOKArticular Cartilage Injury of the Knee is a comprehensive reference that combines the basic scientific knowledge of articular cartilage as it relates to patient health and disease with patient-focused diagnosis and treatment options. This book emphasizes the importance of bridging the divide between basic science and clinical applications in order to select the best possible treatment when injuries occur. Key Features: Provides clinically-relevant information on each topic that can easily be applied in practice Showcases the latest techniques in transplantation and scaffolds for cartilage repair Includes a focused chapter on assessment outcomes after cartilage repair of the knee Written and edited by leading orthopedic surgeons and basic science experts who represent the most current philosophy of effective management of articular cartilage injury of the knee Orthopedic surgeons specializing in the lower extremity will find this book to be an excellent resource that they can consult to guide them in the treatment of patients with articular cartilage injury of the knee.
Cartilage Tissue and Knee Joint Biomechanics
Author: Amirsadegh Rezazadeh Nochehdehi
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 2023-09-05
Total Pages: 765
ISBN-13: 0323907210
DOWNLOAD EBOOKCartilage, Tissue and Knee Joint Biomechanics: Fundamentals, Characterization and Modelling is a cutting-edge multidisciplinary book specifically focused on modeling, characterization and related clinical aspects. The book takes a comprehensive approach towards mechanics, fundamentals, morphology and properties of Cartilage Tissue and Knee Joints. Leading researchers from health science, medical technologists, engineers, academics, government, and private research institutions across the globe have contributed to this book. This book is a very valuable resource for graduates and postgraduates, engineers and research scholars. The content also includes comprehensive real-world applications. As a reference for the total knee arthroplasty, this book focuses deeply on existing related theories (including: histology, design, manufacturing and clinical aspects) to assist readers in solving fundamental and applied problems in biomechanical and biomaterials characterization, modeling and simulation of human cartilages and cells. For biomedical engineers dealing with implants and biomaterials for knee joint injuries, this book will guide you in learning the knee anatomy, range of motion, surgical procedures, physiological loading and boundary conditions, biomechanics of connective soft tissues, type of injuries, and more. - Provides a comprehensive resource on the knee joint and its connective soft tissues; content included spans biomechanics, biomaterials, biology, anatomy, imaging and surgical procedure - Covers ISO and FDA based regulatory control and compliance in the manufacturing process - Includes discussions on the relationship between knee anatomical parameters and knee biomechanics
