Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries
Author: Hartmut Kaelble
Publisher:
Published: 1985
Total Pages: 200
ISBN-13:
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Author: Hartmut Kaelble
Publisher:
Published: 1985
Total Pages: 200
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Richard Breen
Publisher: Studies in Social Inequality
Published: 2020
Total Pages: 400
ISBN-13: 9781503610163
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Richard Breen
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Published: 2004-11-25
Total Pages: 468
ISBN-13: 0199258457
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSocial Mobility in Europe is the most comprehensive study to date of trends in intergenerational social mobility. It uses data from 11 European countries covering the last 30 years of the twentieth century to analyze differences between countries and changes through time.The findings call into question several long-standing views about social mobility. We find a growing similarity between countries in their class structures and rates of absolute mobility: in other words, the countries of Europe are now more alike in their flows between class origins and destinations than they were thirty years ago. However, differences between countries in social fluidity (that is, the relative chances, between people of different class origins, of being found in given classdestinations) show no reduction and so there is no evidence supporting theories of modernization which predict such convergence. Our results also contradict the long-standing Featherman Jones Hauser hypothesis of a basic similarity in social fluidity in all industrial societies 'with a market economyand a nuclear family system'. There are considerable differences between countries like Israel and Sweden, where societal openness is very marked, and Italy, France, and Germany, where social fluidity rates are low. Similarly, there is a substantial difference between, for example, the Netherlands in the 1970s (which was quite closed) and in the 1990s, when it ranks among the most open societies.Mobility tables reflect many underlying processes and this makes it difficult to explain mobility and fluidity or to provide policy prescriptions. Nevertheless, those countries in which fluidity increased over the last decades of the twentieth century had not only succeeded in reducing class inequalities in educational attainment but had also restricted the degree to which, among people with the same level of education, class background affected their chances of gaining access to better classdestinations.
Author: Florian R. Hertel
Publisher: Springer
Published: 2016-08-09
Total Pages: 398
ISBN-13: 3658147857
DOWNLOAD EBOOKBased on a novel class scheme and a unique compilation of German and American data, this book reveals that intergenerational class mobility increased over most of the past century. While country differences in intergenerational mobility are surprisingly small, gender, regional, racial and ethnic differences were initially large but declined over time. At the end of the 20th century, however, mobility prospects turned to the worse in both countries. In light of these findings, the book develops a narrative account of historical socio-political developments that are likely to have driven the basic resemblances across countries but also account for the initial decline and the more recent increase in intergenerational inequality.
Author: Hartmut Kaelble
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 1981
Total Pages: 160
ISBN-13: 9780709915058
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Miles Corak
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: 2004-11-25
Total Pages: 348
ISBN-13: 9781139455763
DOWNLOAD EBOOKLabour markets in North America and Europe have changed tremendously in the face of increased globalisation and technical progress, raising important challenges for policy makers concerned with equality of opportunity. This book examines the influence of both changes in income inequality and of social policies on the degree to which economic advantage is passed on between parents and children in the rich countries. Standard theoretical models of generational dynamics are extended to examine generational income and earnings mobility over time and across space. Over twenty contributors from North America and Europe offer comparable estimates of the degree of mobility, changes in mobility, and the impact of government policy. In so doing, they strengthen the analytical tool kit used in the study of generational mobility, and offer insights for research and directions in dealing with equality of opportunity and child poverty.
Author:
Publisher:
Published: 1981
Total Pages: 13
ISBN-13:
DOWNLOAD EBOOKAuthor: Jens Schneider
Publisher: Springer Nature
Published: 2022-06-28
Total Pages: 175
ISBN-13: 3031055667
DOWNLOAD EBOOKThis open access book comparatively analyses intergenerational social mobility in immigrant families in Europe. It is based on qualitative in-depth research into several hundred biographies and professional trajectories of young people with an immigrant working-class background, who made it into high-prestige professions. The biographies were collected and analysed by a consortium of researchers in nine European countries from Norway to Spain. Through these analyses, the book explores the possibilities of cross-country comparisons of how trajectories are related to different institutional arrangements at the national and local level. The analysis uncovers the interaction effects between structural/institutional settings and specific individual achievements and family backgrounds, and how these individuals responsed to and navigated successfully through sector-specific pathways into high-skilled professions, such as becoming a lawyer or a teacher. By this, it also explains why these trajectories of professional success and upward mobility have been so exceptional in the second generation of working-class origins, and it tells us a lot also about exclusion mechanisms that marked the school and professional careers of children of immigrants who went to school in the 1970s to 2000s in Europe – and still do.
Author: Nancy Birdsall
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Published: 2001-09-19
Total Pages: 348
ISBN-13: 9780815723585
DOWNLOAD EBOOKA Brookings Institution Press and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace publication Many of the countries that have recently converted to a market-based economic system have also experienced an alarming increase in income inequality — a widening gap between the haves and have nots. But to what extent is the increase in inequality also increasing the opportunities for economic advancement — particularly for those at the bottom of the economic ladder? Does the creation of greater opportunities make a region's move to the market politically acceptable? And, if opportunities don't increase along with inequality, will it eventually cause a political backlash against a country's market policies? This book highlights the importance of finding the answers to those questions by examining the issues of social mobility and opportunity as an essential part of the income inequality puzzle. It provides a summary of the latest research on the economics and politics of social mobility in both developed and emerging market economies, including the conceptual issues involved and the challenges of accurately documenting trends. The book concludes with a discussion of the economics of opportunity and mobility in Latin America and Eastern Europe, and the politics and perceptions of mobility in the two regions.
Author: Alex Nunn
Publisher: Council of Europe
Published: 2012-01-01
Total Pages: 156
ISBN-13: 9789287173423
DOWNLOAD EBOOKSocial mobility is linked to social cohesion in a number of complex ways. In essence it concerns social fairness and is a measure of how equal economic opportunities or life chances are, and how a society transforms principles of equal opportunity into reality. Intergenerational mobility of income or socio-economic status demonstrates the real extent to which equality exists in a society. A more cohesive society is one where people are not divided on socio-economic or other grounds, citizens accept that the division of rewards is fair and everyone has equal starting points in life. This study examines the factors influencing social mobility and policies which might be put in place to facilitate it, in particular those concerning welfare services, child care, the education system, career structures and labour-market services.