Shear Wall Layout Optimization of Dynamically Loaded Three-dimensional Tall Building Structures
Shear Wall Layout Optimization of Dynamically Loaded Three-dimensional Tall Building Structures

Author: Mathieu Côté (M. Eng)

Publisher:

Published: 2018

Total Pages: 93

ISBN-13:

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Deciding on the appropriate layout of shear walls and the thickness of each member is an iterative process that is time consuming and often leads to suboptimal results. Every time the stiffness of the building is modified, the structural designer must ensure deflection and inter-story drift limits are respected followed by flexural, shear and torsional strength checks for each shear wall. A computational optimization framework has the potential to limit the design time, but most importantly to identify layout configurations with lower costs, weight, embodied carbon and with increased consideration for architectural constraints. Additionally, an optimization framework can provide a strong tool for early stage, pre-conceptual idea exploration and thereby lead to an increased collaboration between architects and engineers. This thesis presents an approach that allows the structural designer to design the shear wall layout of a three-dimensional structure using a linearized modal analysis and a modified genetic algorithm. The presented design scheme uses a ground structure approach as it allows for architectural constraints to be embedded in the design. The objective is defined as a cost function that incorporates material cost and constructability. The proposed framework is used to design the shear wall layout of a building under wind and seismic load cases and is compared to the design obtained with conventional methods. Key terms: Shear wall layout, reinforced concrete, structural optimization, topology optimization, genetic algorithm, dynamic analysis, three-dimensional analysis, cost analysis of lateral systems, tall buildings

Shear Wall Layout Optimization for Conceptual Design of Tall Buildings
Shear Wall Layout Optimization for Conceptual Design of Tall Buildings

Author: Yu Zhang (S.M.)

Publisher:

Published: 2017

Total Pages: 106

ISBN-13:

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In the design of tall buildings, the lateral system that resists wind and seismic loading usually dominates the structural engineering effort; therefore, optimal lateral system design is important for material efficiency. In a shear-wall-based building, the conventional design process starts with an architect generating a floor plan, which is then passed to a structural engineer, who, based on knowledge and prior experience, tries to place shear walls to balance conflicting requirements: minimum structural weight, satisfactory structural strength and serviceability, conformity to architectural layout. This design process can be slow and inefficient, requiring a trial-and-error approach that is unlikely to lead to the best solution. The work presented in this thesis intends to accelerate the process with an optimization system involving a ground structure program formulation, a modified evolutionary algorithm, and innovative computational techniques. Unlike existing work that focuses either exclusively on structural performance or architectural layout, this research integrates both. An efficient computational design methodology for shear wall layout in plan is introduced. The method minimizes structural weight with constraints on torsion, flexural strength, shear strength, drift, and openings and accessibility. It can be applied from the very beginning of floor plan design or after generating an architectural floor plan. This thesis demonstrates the potential of this approach through a variety of case studies. Key contributions include a novel application of the ground structure method, a fast and robust modified evolutionary algorithm, and a simplified auto-calculation system for reinforced concrete design.

Design and Analysis of Tall and Complex Structures
Design and Analysis of Tall and Complex Structures

Author: Feng Fu

Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann

Published: 2018-02-01

Total Pages: 320

ISBN-13: 0081011210

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The design of tall buildings and complex structures involves challenging activities, including: scheme design, modelling, structural analysis and detailed design. This book provides structural designers with a systematic approach to anticipate and solve issues for tall buildings and complex structures. This book begins with a clear and rigorous exposition of theories behind designing tall buildings. After this is an explanation of basic issues encountered in the design process. This is followed by chapters concerning the design and analysis of tall building with different lateral stability systems, such as MRF, shear wall, core, outrigger, bracing, tube system, diagrid system and mega frame. The final three chapters explain the design principles and analysis methods for complex and special structures. With this book, researchers and designers will find a valuable reference on topics such as tall building systems, structure with complex geometry, Tensegrity structures, membrane structures and offshore structures. - Numerous worked-through examples of existing prestigious projects around the world (such as Jeddah Tower, Shanghai Tower, and Petronas Tower etc.) are provided to assist the reader's understanding of the topic - Provides the latest modelling methods in design such as BIM and Parametric Modelling technique - Detailed explanations of widely used programs in current design practice, such as SAP2000, ETABS, ANSYS, and Rhino - Modelling case studies for all types of tall buildings and complex structures, such as: Buttressed Core system, diagrid system, Tube system, Tensile structures and offshore structures etc.

Three Dimensional Analysis of Non-planar Coupled Shear Walls
Three Dimensional Analysis of Non-planar Coupled Shear Walls

Author: Re Ato Lu Rifat

Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing

Published: 2014

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9783659115509

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Recently, a rapid increase has taken place in the number of tall buildings. In multi-storey buildings made of reinforced concrete, the lateral loads are often resisted by specially arranged shear walls. Weakening of shear walls in tall buildings by doors, windows and corridor openings is one of the most frequently encountered problems of structural engineering. In planar coupled shear wall analyses, the lateral loads are applied in such a way that the deformation of the shear wall is confined within its own plane. In this book, the Continous Connection Method (CCM) is used in conjunction with Vlasov's theory of thin-walled beams, for the three dimensional analysis of non-planar coupled shear walls subjected to lateral loads which produce combined flexural and torsional deformations. To be more general, the present book deals with non-symmetrical structures both in the formulation and in the numerical applications. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical examples have been solved by the program prepared in the present study and compared with the solutions found by the SAP2000 structural analysis program and a perfect match has been observed.

Tall Building Structures
Tall Building Structures

Author: Bryan Stafford Smith

Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Published: 1991-07-17

Total Pages: 568

ISBN-13:

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Examines structural aspects of high rise buildings, particularly fundamental approaches to the analysis of the behavior of different forms of building structures including frame, shear wall, tubular, core and outrigger-braced systems. Introductory chapters discuss the forces to which the structure is subjected, design criteria which are of the greatest relevance to tall buildings, and various structural forms which have developed over the years since the first skyscrapers were built at the turn of the century. A major chapter is devoted to the modeling of real structures for both preliminary and final analyses. Considerable attention is devoted to the assessment of the stability of the structure, and the significance of creep and shrinkage is discussed. A final chapter is devoted to the dynamic response of structures subjected to wind and earthquake forces. Includes both accurate computer-based and approximate methods of analysis.

Tall buildings
Tall buildings

Author: fib Fédération internationale du béton

Publisher: fib Fédération internationale du béton

Published: 2014-08-01

Total Pages: 164

ISBN-13: 2883941130

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fib Bulletin 73: Tall Buildings is the result of a collaboration between the fib and MPA The Concrete Centre (UK). Task Group 1.6 High-rise buildings, within fib Commission 1: Structures, was drawn together with a mandate to write about the experience and know-how pertinent to the development, design and construction of tall concrete buildings. The group’s findings are presented in this state-of the-art report. Tall buildings are a unique challenge to engineers, even to those with extensive experience of low-rise structures. The bulletin explains the critical interfaces with other professionals, for example architects, building services engineers, façade and lift specialists, geotechnical engineers and wind specialists, highlighting how these parties interact with engineers and can influence and guide the development of the structural solution. The key factors in choosing the most appropriate structural system are discussed. The bulletin covers the criteria used to select the most economical structural elements including the foundations, the vertical elements and the floor slabs. Examples of common construction methods are presented and their effects on the structural engineering design are discussed. Tall buildings can undergo significant deformation during their construction and service life. These movements need to be understood by the designer and potentially compensated for in the design and during construction. One of the main particularities of the design of tall buildings is the dominance of the lateral loading from wind and seismic actions. The bulletin provides a discussion of these important topics and sets out the current approach taken by experienced engineers. Designers of tall buildings also need to understand the dynamic behaviour of the structure and confine the motion of the building to within acceptable limits. Approaches to damping and dynamic performance are discussed and guidance provided on the appropriate occupant comfort limits.

Structural Analysis of Regular Multi-Storey Buildings
Structural Analysis of Regular Multi-Storey Buildings

Author: Karoly A. Zalka

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2012-07-05

Total Pages: 285

ISBN-13: 0415595738

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A sound and more modern Eurocode-based approach to design is the global approach, where the structures are considered as whole units, rather than to use traditional element-based design procedures. Although large frameworks and even whole buildings are now routinely analysed using computer packages, structural engineers do not always understand complex three-dimensional behaviour and thus manipulate the stiffness and the location of the bracing units to achieve an optimum structural arrangement. This guide deals with two categories of multi-storey structures. It can be used for the plane stress, stability and frequency analysis of individual bracing units such as frameworks, coupled shear walls and cores. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, it can be used for the three dimensional stress, stability and frequency analysis of whole buildings consisting of such bracing units. The closed-form solutions in the book may also prove to be useful at the preliminary design stage when quick checks are needed with different structural arrangements. Their usefulness cannot be overemphasized for checking the results of a finite element (computer-based) analysis when the input procedure involves tens of thousands of items of data and where mishandling one item of data may have catastrophic consequences. In addition to the critical load, the fundamental frequency, the maximum stresses and the top deflection of frameworks, coupled shear walls, cores and their spatial assemblies, a very important new piece of information is the "safety factor" of the structure (either a single unit or a whole building), which also acts as the performance indicator of the structure. MathCAD worksheets can be downloaded from the book’s accompanying website.

Structural Design Optimization of Steel Buildings Using GS-USA© Frame3D
Structural Design Optimization of Steel Buildings Using GS-USA© Frame3D

Author: Yogesh Unde

Publisher:

Published: 2016

Total Pages: 105

ISBN-13:

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Tall building developments are spreading across the globe at an ever-increasing rate (www.ctbuh.org). In 1982, the number of tall buildings in North America was merely 1,701. This number rose to 26,053, in 2006. The global number of buildings, 200m or more in height, has risen from 286 to 602 in the last decade alone. This dissertation concentrates on design optimization of such, about-to-be modular, structures by implementing AISC 2010 design requirements. Along with a discussion on and classification of lateral load resisting systems, a few design optimization cases are also being studied. The design optimization results of full scale three dimensional buildings subject to multiple design criteria including stress, serviceability and dynamic response are discussed. The tool being used for optimization is GS-USA Frame3D© (henceforth referred to as Frame3D). Types of analyses being verified against a strong baseline of Abaqus 6.11-1, are stress analysis, modal analysis and buckling analysis. The provisions in AISC 2010 allows us to bypass the limit state of flexural buckling in compression checks with a satisfactory buckling analysis. This grants us relief from the long and tedious effective length factor computations. Besides all the AISC design checks, an empirical equation to check beams with high shear and flexure is also being enforced. In this study, we present the details of a tool that can be useful in design optimization - finite element modeling, translating AISC 2010 design code requirements into components of the FE and design optimization models. A comparative study of designs based on AISC 2010 and fixed allowable stresses, (regardless of the shape of cross section) is also being carried out.