U.S. exports of financial, entertainment, architectural, accounting, computer, and other services have more than doubled in the last seven years. Specifically addressing the needs of service exporters, this book covers issues such as marketing services vs. merchandise, market research, export financing, international payments, breaking trade barriers, and more. Also included is a series of 20 industry-specific articles that give the how-to and where-to for exporting specific services.
President Franklin Roosevelt created the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank) in 1934 to promote US trade in the midst of the Great Depression. At the outset, the Ex-Im Bank was instructed to supplement, not compete with, private sources of export finance. Historically, the Ex-Im Bank filled gaps when the private sector was reluctant to finance exports to politically uncertain areas--such as Latin America in the 1940s, Europe in the 1950s, and emerging markets more recently. Critics now ask whether--in the current era of vast private capital markets--significant financing gaps still exist that require government action. Put bluntly, should the Ex-Im Bank still be playing a role in financing US exports to emerging markets? Since the 1970s, the Ex-Im Bank has faced a new challenge: helping US exporters meet the financial competition from foreign export credit agencies (ECAs)--such as COFACE in France and the Export-Import Bank of Japan. The Ex-Im Bank has tried to cope with foreign ECAs in two different ways. One way is to negotiate common rules for export financing, under OECD auspices. The other is to match credit terms offered by foreign ECAs. A central question for the Ex-Im Bank in the 21st century is whether this dual strategy still provides a viable answer to an array of new forms of competition spawned by foreign ECAs. The Institute for International Economics sponsored a conference in May 2000, both to honor the Bank's 65th anniversary and to look ahead at challenges facing the Ex-Im Bank. This volume--edited by former director of the Bank, Rita Rodriguez, and Institute Senior Fellow Gary Clyde Hufbauer--presents the papers from the conference. The papers both describe the Bank's current environment and identify new problems and opportunities in a global economy characterized by highly sophisticated private finance and intense competition for export markets. This volume provides an analytical basis for evaluating the Ex-Im Bank's future and suggests options that should be considered by President George W. Bush and Congress. Contributors: Robert Rubin * James Harmon * Lorenz Schomerus * J. David Richardson * Renato Sucupira * Mauricio Moreira * William Cline * Peter Evans * Kenneth Oye * Allan Mendelowitz * William Niskanen * Robert Nardelli * John Lipsky * Daniel Zelikow *Robert Hormats * Hans Reich * A. Ian Gillespie * Fumio Hoshi * William Daley * James Leach * Lawrence Summers
Learn how your business can tap into foreign markets In Export Now, two international business experts reveal the secrets to taking your company global. Offering a real-life strategy that businesses of any size can use to expand their reach around the world, this book is the ultimate guide to identifying, evaluating, and profiting from global opportunities. Essential reading for any company looking to expand abroad, the book explains the five essentials of international growth. All businesses know they need to get into new markets, but the lack of familiarity, the cultural and language gaps, and the differences in business practices can be intimidating—this book solves these problems, giving you everything you need to grow. The ultimate handbook for any business looking to go global Explains the five essentials of international expansion Written by two experts with years of experience building global businesses around the world Guiding you through the how to's of going global, Export Now is your one-stop resource for expanding your business overseas.
This Toolkit provides a framework, guidelines, and set of practical tools to conduct an analysis and diagnostic of trade competitiveness in the services sector and to identify both the main constraints to improved competitiveness and the appropriate policy responses.
This book focuses on service economy development, particularly on how an industrial economy evolves into a service economy. The book is organized in three sections: The first theoretically answers the general question "what is the service economy?” The second explains the mechanism of the service economy’s formation and development, revealing the evolution trends and attempts to answer the question “where does the service economy come from?" The third section includes an in-depth analysis of Chinese case studies to answer the key question "how can the service economy development be promoted?" Readers will discover what the service economy is and how it relates to and differs from the industrial economy. More importantly, it will provide policy-makers with suggestions for how to promote service-economy development.
The Nordic region of northern Europe is indelibly linked in the minds of many with the Viking cultures that populated the area eons ago. Yet, as this intricate study of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden attests, theres so much more to the story than that. These nations have emerged from the long shadow of their early days in the Viking era to become vibrant societies with proud traditions, distinct customs, and promising futures. Readers will learn about the land, people, governments, and economies of these fascinating countries, and examine the historical paths each took to achieve the successes they enjoy in the modern age.
This book presents advanced research studies on the topic of artificial intelligence as a component of social and economic relations and processes. It gathers research papers from the International Research-to-Practice Conference “The 21st Century from the Positions of Modern Science: Intellectual, Digital and Innovative Aspects” (May 23–24, 2019, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia) and the International Research-to-Practice Conference “Economics of Pleasure: a Science of Enjoying Economic Activities” (October 3–5, 2019, Prague, Czech Republic). Both conferences were organized by the Autonomous Non-Profit Organization “Institute of Scientific Communications” (Volgograd). What sets this book apart from other publications on the topic of artificial intelligence is that it approaches AI not as a technological tool, but as an economic entity. Bringing together papers by representatives of various fields of social and human knowledge, it systematically reflects on various economic, social, and legal aspects of the creation, application, and development of artificial intelligence. Given the multidisciplinary nature of its content, the book will appeal to a broad target audience, including those engaged in developing AI (scientific research institutes and universities), and Industry 4.0 enterprises interested in its implementation, as well as state regulators for the digital economy.
As the twenty-first century begins, significant changes are occurring in the way that services and goods are produced and consumed. One of the key drivers of this change is information and communications technology (ICT). It has transformed the role of space and time in patterns of economic development, in the rise of globalization and in the scale and structure of organizations. ICT has therefore accelerated the process of continual change and evolution that is the hallmark of both the capitalist economy and of organizations. Giving a student-friendly account of the diversity of theoretical perspectives, this outstanding book aids understanding the evolving economic geography of advanced capitalist economies. A series of detailed firm and employees' case studies from Europe, North America and the Asia Pacific, are used to inform useful theoretical case studies, which also investigate the significance of increased blurring of the lines between services and manufacturing functions in the production and consumption process.
