This book is intended for students and scientists working in the field of DNA repair, focusing on a number of topics ranging from DNA damaging agents and mechanistic insights to methods in DNA repair and insights into therapeutic strategies. These topics demonstrate how scientific ideas are developed, tested, dialogued, and matured as it is meant to discuss key concepts in DNA repair. The book should serve as a supplementary text in courses and seminars as well as a general reference for biologists with an interest in DNA repair.
An essential resource for all scientists researching cellular responses to DNA damage. • Introduces important new material reflective of the major changes and developments that have occurred in the field over the last decade. • Discussed the field within a strong historical framework, and all aspects of biological responses to DNA damage are detailed. • Provides information on covering sources and consequences of DNA damage; correcting altered bases in DNA: DNA repair; DNA damage tolerance and mutagenesis; regulatory responses to DNA damage in eukaryotes; and disease states associated with defective biological responses to DNA damage.
DNA Repair Mechanisms is an account of the proceedings at a major international conference on DNA Repair Mechanisms held at Keystone, Colorado on February 1978. The conference discusses through plenary sessions the overall standpoint of DNA repair. The papers presented and other important documents, such as short summaries by the workshop session conveners, comprise this book. The compilation describes the opposing views, those that agree and dispute about certain topic areas. This book, divided into 15 parts, is arranged according to the proceedings in the conference. The plenary sessions are ...
This book is intended for students and scientists working in the field of DNA repair, focusing on a number of topics ranging from DNA damaging agents and mechanistic insights to methods in DNA repair and insights into therapeutic strategies. These topics demonstrate how scientific ideas are developed, tested, dialogued, and matured as it is meant to discuss key concepts in DNA repair. The book should serve as a supplementary text in courses and seminars as well as a general reference for biologists with an interest in DNA repair.
Environmental stresses and metabolic by-products can severely affect the integrity of genetic information by inducing DNA damage and impairing genome stability. As a consequence, plant growth and productivity are irreversibly compromised. To overcome genotoxic injury, plants have evolved complex strategies relying on a highly efficient repair machinery that responds to sophisticated damage perception/signaling networks. The DNA damage signaling network contains several key components: DNA damage sensors, signal transducers, mediators, and effectors. Most of these components are common to other eukaryotes but some features are unique to the plant kingdom. ATM and ATR are well-conserved members of PIKK family, which amplify and transduce signals to downstream effectors. ATM primarily responds to DNA double strand breaks while ATR responds to various forms of DNA damage. The signals from the activated transducer kinases are transmitted to the downstream cell-cycle regulators, such as CHK1, CHK2, and p53 in many eukaryotes. However, plants have no homologue of CHK1, CHK2 nor p53. The finding of Arabidopsis transcription factor SOG1 that seems functionally but not structurally similar to p53 suggests that plants have developed unique cell cycle regulation mechanism. The double strand break repair, recombination repair, postreplication repair, and lesion bypass, have been investigated in several plants. The DNA double strand break, a most critical damage for organisms are repaired non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Damage on template DNA makes replication stall, which is processed by translesion synthesis (TLS) or error-free postreplication repair (PPR) pathway. Deletion of the error-prone TLS polymerase reduces mutation frequencies, suggesting PPR maintains the stalled replication fork when TLS is not available. Unveiling the regulation networks among these multiple pathways would be the next challenge to be completed. Some intriguing issues have been disclosed such as the cross-talk between DNA repair, senescence and pathogen response and the involvement of non-coding RNAs in global genome stability. Several studies have highlighted the essential contribution of chromatin remodeling in DNA repair DNA damage sensing, signaling and repair have been investigated in relation to environmental stresses, seed quality issues, mutation breeding in both model and crop plants and all these studies strengthen the idea that components of the plant response to genotoxic stress might represent tools to improve stress tolerance and field performance. This focus issue gives researchers the opportunity to gather and interact by providing Mini-Reviews, Commentaries, Opinions, Original Research and Method articles which describe the most recent advances and future perspectives in the field of DNA damage sensing, signaling and repair in plants. A comprehensive overview of the current progresses dealing with the genotoxic stress response in plants will be provided looking at cellular and molecular level with multidisciplinary approaches. This will hopefully bring together valuable information for both plant biotechnologists and breeders.
Telomeres, located at the ends of linear chromosomes, are essential for genome stability and integrity. Advances in telomere researches have linked telomere dysfunction with cellular aging and a number of age-related human diseases. Recent studies further expanded our knowledge of telomere functions - telomeres are shown to be important for microbial pathogen virulence and telomere proteins have important non-telomeric cellular functions. This book includes current opinions on selected aspects of telomere research and their implication, in hope to help us focus better on future studies and enhance our research progress.
The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore organized a program on ?Post-Genome Knowledge Discovery? from January to June 2002. The program focused on the computational and statistical analysis of sequences and genetics, and the mathematical modeling of complex biological interactions, which are critical to the accurate annotation of genomic sequences, the study of the interplay between genes and proteins, and the study of the genetic variability of species. As part of the program, tutorials for graduate students and newcomers to this transdisciplinary area of research were given by experts in these fields.This important volume collects the expanded notes of some of the tutorials that were given during the program. The topics include comparison and alignment of biological sequences, modeling and analysis of biological pathways, data mining and knowledge discovery from biological and clinical data.
Many fundamental aspects of the methods used in mass spectrometry are here presented by outstanding scientists, with reference to very recent developments. The principles and applications of electrospray, ion spray and MALDI ionization technique are presented, together with optimised GC/MS interfacing systems and tools for quantitative analysis. A comprehensive treatment of modern instrumentation for mass analysis and detection is also included. The major part of the book deals with bioanalytical applications to peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids and plant metabolites. Several papers are devoted to the evaluation of adduct formation between DNA and carcinogens. Environmental applications are also included, with examples of some specific cases. Fundamentals and applications are treated with the same degree of depth: the first two parts of the book therefore provide a basis for the understanding of the biomolecular applications section. Audience: Ideal for advanced graduate students of chemistry who have learned some basic mass spectrometry. Also useful for Ph.D. students in chemistry, biology and medicine. Of value to researchers in academic and industrial laboratories.
Bringing the power of biochemical analysis to toxicology, this modern reference explains genotoxicity at the molecular level, showing the links between a DNA lesion and the resulting cellular or organismic response. Clearly divided into two main sections, Part 1 focuses on selected examples of important DNA lesions and their biological impact, while the second part covers current advances in assessing and predicting the genotoxic effects of chemicals, taking into account the biological responses mediated by the DNA repair, replication and transcription machineries. A ready reference for biochemists, toxicologists, molecular and cell biologists, and geneticists seeking a better understanding of the impact of chemicals on human health.
