Safe and effective management of nuclear waste provides a broad range of challenges for materials science. Waste processing, waste form and engineered barrier properties, interactions between engineered and geological systems, radiation effects, chemistry and transport of waste species, and long-term predictions of repository performance are just some of the scientific problems facing modern society. This book, the 22nd in a very successful series from MRS, offers an international and inter-disciplinary perspective on the issues, and features developments in both fundamental and applied areas. Topics include: development and characterization of ceramic waste forms; ceramic waste form corrosion; glass waste form processing; glass formulation, properties and structure; glass waste form corrosion; spent nuclear fuel; performance assessment; repository backfill; flow and transport; natural analogues; container corrosion; metal waste form corrosion; radionuclide speciation and solubility; radionuclide sorption; microbial effects; radiation effects; cement waste forms and waste treatment.
This book reports research findings on several interesting topics in waste disposal including geophysical methods in site studies, municipal solid waste disposal site investigation, integrated study of contamination flow path at a waste disposal site, nuclear waste disposal, case studies of disposal of municipal wastes in different environments and locations, and emissions related to waste disposal.
Safe and effective management of nuclear waste provides a broad range of challenges for materials science. Waste processing, waste form and engineered barrier properties, interactions between engineered and geological systems, radiation effects, chemistry and transport of waste species, and long-term predictions of repository performance are just some of the scientific problems facing modern society. This book, the nineteenth in a very successful series from MRS, offers an international and interdisciplinary perspective on the issues, and features developments in both fundamental and applied areas. Topics include: excess plutonium dispositioning; spent nuclear fuel; glass waste forms; ceramic and crystalline waste forms; cement waste forms; waste processing; waste container materials; speciation and sorption; bentonite barriers; flow and transport; repository site characterization; natural analogs and performance assessment.
Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up reviews radioactive waste management processes, technologies, and international experiences. Part one explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies. International safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management are also reviewed. Part two highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. The experience in Japan, with a specific chapter on Fukushima, is also covered. Finally, part three explores the clean-up of sites contaminated by weapons programmes including the USA and former USSR.Radioactive waste management and contaminated site clean-up is a comprehensive resource for professionals, researchers, scientists and academics in radioactive waste management, governmental and other regulatory bodies and the nuclear power industry. - Explores the fundamentals of radioactive waste including sources, characterisation, and processing strategies - Reviews international safety standards, risk assessment of radioactive wastes and remediation of contaminated sites and irradiated nuclear fuel management - Highlights the current international situation across Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America specifically including a chapter on the experience in Fukushima, Japan
This volume opens with a keynote lecture by Rodney Ewing, member of the Board of Radioactive Waste Management of the National Research Council. Ewing summarizes 25 years of materials research in nuclear waste, emphasizing the progress that has been made and the challenges that still confront investigators and technologists in materials science and repository performance evaluation. The session is followed by one on container materials and engineered barriers, and includes a discussion on the corrosion performance expected for waste packages in the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Invited papers on performance assessment and repository studies for different national programs are also highlighted, with representation from the United States, Sweden, Japan, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, and the United Kingdom. A large number of papers focus on the structure, properties, and degradation of various waste forms such as glasses, ceramics (mostly for plutonium immobilization), cements, and spent nuclear fuel. For the second consecutive time, the number of papers on ceramics far exceeds those on glass, which had been the dominant material discussed at this symposium over the prior 23 years. New studies on zirconates confirm the recently discovered high radiation damage-resistance of this material. Additional topics include: performance assessment in high-level waste disposal; performance assessment in low-level waste disposal; ceramic structure and corrosion; radiation effects in ceramics; glass structure and corrosion; spent fuel; spent fuel cladding and alternative waste forms; cements in radioactive waste immobilization; contaminant transport; natural analogs; and waste processing.
This is an authoritative compilation of information regarding methods and data used in all phases of nuclear engineering. Addressing nuclear engineers and scientists at all levels, this book provides a condensed reference on nuclear engineering since 1958.
