Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45?1948/49

Soviet Occupation of Romania, Hungary, and Austria 1944/45?1948/49

Author: Csaba Bekes

Publisher: Central European University Press

Published: 2015-08-30

Total Pages: 405

ISBN-13: 963386075X

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This book compares the various aspects ? political, military economic ? of Soviet occupation in Austria, Hungary and Romania. Using documents found in Austrian, Hungarian, Romanian and Russian archives the authors argue that the nature of Soviet foreign policy has been misunderstood. Existing literature has focused on the Soviet foreign policy from a political perspective; when and why Stalin made the decision to introduce Bolshevik political systems in the Soviet sphere of influence. This book will show that the Soviet conquest of East-Central Europe had an imperial dimension as well and allowed the Soviet Union to use the territory it occupied as military and economic space. The final dimension of the book details the tragically human experiences of Soviet occupation: atrocities, rape, plundering and deportations.


Russia and the Austrian State Treaty

Russia and the Austrian State Treaty

Author: Sven Allard

Publisher: Penn State University Press

Published: 1970

Total Pages: 256

ISBN-13:

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In Vienna on May 15, 1955, representatives of the Soviet, American, British, French, and Austrian governments signed a "State Treaty" restoring Austria's full sovereignty after seven years of Anschluss with Germany and ten years of "Allied" occupation. Vienna itself had been divided into five zones and occupied by foreign troops of four different nationalities and even more races. The Viennese were fond of relating how they had secretly listened to Allied radio broadcasts during the war: "The Soviet Union calls Austria," the announcer would intone; or "America calls Austria," or "Britain calls Austria." "We didn't call anyone," the Viennese would then explain, "but now they're all here." At the time of the State Treaty the words of the popular song weren't changed from "Wien, Wien, nur du allein" to "Wien, Wien, endlich allein"--but it may have been considered. Sven Allard, Swedish Minister (later Ambassador) to Austria from 1954 to 1964, had an unparalleled opportunity to follow the developments leading to the sudden signing of the treaty: A close friend of Bruno Kreisky, the State Secretary of the Austrian Foreign Office and later Foreign Minister, he also enjoyed the confidence of Llewellyn E. Thompson, the U.S. High Commissioner. Soviet diplomats also confided in Ambassador Allard from time to time. Now retired from the diplomatic service, the author has analyzed the political background and explained the motives for Moscow's unexpected about-face. His book is especially topical for the light it throws on the comparable problem of divided Germany.


The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle?

The Hungarian Agricultural Miracle?

Author: Zsuzsanna Varga

Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield

Published: 2020-11-09

Total Pages: 355

ISBN-13: 179363436X

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This book examines Soviet agriculture in post-1945 Hungary. It demonstrates how the agrarian lobby, a development following the 1956 revolution, led to contact with the West which allowed for the creation of an effective agricultural system. The author argues that this ‘Hungarian agricultural miracle,’ a hybrid of American technology and Soviet structures, was fundamental to the success of Hungarian collectivization.


A Good Example of Peaceful Coexistence?

A Good Example of Peaceful Coexistence?

Author: Wolfgang Mueller

Publisher: Austrian Academy of Sciences

Published: 2011

Total Pages: 381

ISBN-13: 9783700168980

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This monograph, based on newly declassified sources from Western and Russian archives as well as on communist texts about international law and neutrality, is the first English-language account of Soviet policy towards neutral yet capitalist Austria during the Cold War. In order to make neutrality a model for the West, the Kremlin presented the unique Soviet-Austrian relationship as a good example of peaceful coexistence and a showcase for the benefits a Western state might reap by declaring neutrality. This honor, however, had strings attached: The communist doctrine of neutrality contained obligations that were expected to make it possible to exploit neutral states as instruments of Soviet policy and bring them nearer the socialist bloc. While Austrian leaders were careful to avoid these pitfalls, Soviet interventions in Hungary and Czechoslovakia in 1956 and 1968 and interference into Austria's interpretation of neutral policy could not but deeply affect Austrian policy and the Soviet-Austrian honeymoon.


Great Power Politics and the Struggle Over Austria, 1945-1955

Great Power Politics and the Struggle Over Austria, 1945-1955

Author: Audrey Kurth Cronin

Publisher: Cornell Studies in Security Affairs

Published: 2023-09-15

Total Pages: 0

ISBN-13: 9781501772054

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In this account of an unusual episode in the Cold War, Audrey Kurth Cronin examines the negotiations over Austria and the Soviet Union's sudden and surprising decision to withdraw its troops and accept the country as a neutral Western state, after having rejected any settlement for eight years.


Russia and the Western Far Right

Russia and the Western Far Right

Author: Anton Shekhovtsov

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2017-09-08

Total Pages: 271

ISBN-13: 1317199952

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The growing influence of Russia on the Western far right has been much discussed in the media recently. This book is the first detailed inquiry into what has been a neglected but critically important trend: the growing links between Russian actors and Western far right activists, publicists, ideologues, and politicians. The author uses a range of sources including interviews, video footage, leaked communications, official statements and press coverage in order to discuss both historical and contemporary Russia in terms of its relationship with the Western far right. Initial contacts between Russian political actors and Western far right activists were established in the early 1990s, but these contacts were low profile. As Moscow has become more anti-Western, these contacts have become more intense and have operated at a higher level. The book shows that the Russian establishment was first interested in using the Western far right to legitimise Moscow’s politics and actions both domestically and internationally, but more recently Moscow has begun to support particular far right political forces to gain leverage on European politics and undermine the liberal-democratic consensus in the West. Contributing to ongoing scholarly debates about Russia’s role in the world, its strategies aimed at securing legitimation of Putin’s regime both internationally and domestically, modern information warfare and propaganda, far right politics and activism in the West, this book draws on theories and methods from history, political science, area studies, and media studies and will be of interest to students, scholars, activists and practitioners in these areas.


The Kremlinologist

The Kremlinologist

Author: Jenny Thompson

Publisher: JHU Press

Published: 2018-03

Total Pages: 600

ISBN-13: 1421424096

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"The Kremlinologist chronicles major events of the Cold War through the prism of the life of one of its top diplomats, Llewellyn Thompson. His life went from the wilds of the American West to the inner sanctums of the White House and the Kremlin. As the ambassador to Moscow, he became an important advisor to presidents and a key participant in major twentieth-century events, including the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War. Yet, unlike his contemporaries McGeorge Bundy and George C. Marshall--who considered Thompson one of the most crucial actors in the Cold War and the "unsung hero" of the Cuban Missile Crisis--he has not been the subject of a major biography until now. Thompson's daughters Jenny Thompson Vukacic and Sherry Thompson set out to document their father's life as thoroughly as possible. Relying on primary sources and interviews, they received generous assistance from archivists, historians, and colleagues of their father. They also acquired documents and information from Russian archives, including the KGB archives. As family, they had unprecedented access to his FBI dossier, State Department personnel files, family archives, letters, diaries, speeches, and documents. Their original research brings new material to light including important information on the U-2, Kennan's containment policy, and Thompson's role in US covert operations machinery. The book refutes historical misinterpretations of events in the Berlin Crisis, the Austrian State Treaty, and the Cuban Missile Crisis."--Provided by publisher.


Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55

Austria in the First Cold War, 1945-55

Author: Günter Bischof

Publisher: Palgrave MacMillan

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 272

ISBN-13:

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In the first Cold War (1945-55) the superpower struggle over the geostrategically vital and economically depressed Austria could have ended in a divided country (like in Germany), but due to shrewd Austrian diplomacy resulted in a unified and neutralized country.


Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin

Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin

Author: Andrei P. Tsygankov

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Published: 2012-06-28

Total Pages: 331

ISBN-13: 1139537008

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Since Russia has re-emerged as a global power, its foreign policies have come under close scrutiny. In Russia and the West from Alexander to Putin, Andrei P. Tsygankov identifies honor as the key concept by which Russia's international relations are determined. He argues that Russia's interests in acquiring power, security and welfare are filtered through this cultural belief and that different conceptions of honor provide an organizing framework that produces policies of cooperation, defensiveness and assertiveness in relation to the West. Using ten case studies spanning a period from the early nineteenth century to the present day - including the Holy Alliance, the Triple Entente and the Russia-Georgia war - Tsygankov's theory suggests that when it perceives its sense of honor to be recognized, Russia cooperates with the Western nations; without such a recognition it pursues independent policies either defensively or assertively.