Runoff and Sediment Yield from Proxy Records
Runoff and Sediment Yield from Proxy Records

Author: W. R. Osterkamp

Publisher:

Published: 1999

Total Pages: 56

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Analyses of water- and sediment-yield records from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed, the San Simon Wash Basin, and the Jornada Experimental Range, combined with observations of regional variations in climate, geology and soils, vegetation, topography, fire frequency, and land-use history, allow estimates of present conditions of water and sediment discharges in the upper Animas Creek Basin, New Mexico. Further, the records are used to anticipate fluxes of water and sediment should watershed conditions change. Results, intended principally for hydrologists, geomorphologists, and resource managers, suggest that discharges of water and sediment in the upper Animas Creek Basin approximate those of historic, undisturbed conditions, and that erosion rates may be generally lower than those of comparison watersheds. If conversion of grassland to shrubland occurs, sediment yields, due to accelerated upland gully erosion, may increase by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude. However, much of the released sediment would likely be deposited along Animas Creek, never leaving the upper Animas Creek Basin.

Vegetation of the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site
Vegetation of the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiments Site

Author: Claudia M. Regan

Publisher:

Published: 1998

Total Pages: 546

ISBN-13:

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Vegetation at the Glacier Lakes Ecosystem Experiment Site, a 600 ha research site at 3200 to 3500 m elevation in the Snowy Range of southeastern Wyoming, was categorized and described from an intensive sampling of species abundances. A total of 304 vascular plant taxa were identified through collection and herbarium documentation. Plots with tree species were separated from those without tree species for ordination and classification analyses. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to order plots along major axes of composition variation, which are inferred moisture and topographic gradients. Cluster analysis was used to categorize plots based on composition similarity. The resulting groups were named according to species dominants. We identified and described in detail 4 meadow, 4 thicket or scrub, 3 krummholz, and 2 forest plant associations.

Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes
Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes

Author: Reinhard Pienitz

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2007-11-08

Total Pages: 579

ISBN-13: 1402021267

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Concerns about the effects of global climate change have focused attention on the vulnerability of circumpolar regions. This book offers a synthesis of the spectrum of techniques available for generating long-term environmental records from circumpolar lakes.

The Archaeology of Native Americans in Pennsylvania
The Archaeology of Native Americans in Pennsylvania

Author: Kurt W. Carr

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2020-04-03

Total Pages: 920

ISBN-13: 0812250788

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

The definitive reference guide to artifacts representing 14,000 years of cultural evolution Pennsylvania is geographically, ecologically, and culturally diverse. The state is situated at the crossroads of several geographic zones and drainage basins which resulted in a great deal of variation in Native American societies. The Archaeology of Native Americans in Pennsylvania is the definitive reference guide to rich artifacts that represent 14,000 years of cultural evolution. This authoritative work includes environmental studies, descriptions and illustrations of artifacts and features, settlement pattern studies, and recommendations for directions of further research. Containing previously unpublished data and representing fifty years of collaborative findings gathered under historic preservation laws, the book is organized into five parts, reflecting five major time periods. Essential for anyone conducting archaeological research in Pennsylvania and surrounding regions, especially professionals conducting surveys and research in compliance with state and federal preservation laws, as well as professors and students engaging in research on specific regions or topics in Middle Atlantic archaeology.

Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East
Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East

Author: T. J. Wilkinson

Publisher: University of Arizona Press

Published: 2003-11-01

Total Pages: 282

ISBN-13: 081654445X

DOWNLOAD EBOOK

Society for American Archaeology Book Award Winner Many fundamental studies of the origins of states have built upon landscape data, but an overall study of the Near Eastern landscape itself has never been attempted. Spanning thousands of years of history, the ancient Near East presents a bewildering range of landscapes, the understanding of which can greatly enhance our ability to infer past political and social systems. Tony Wilkinson now shows that throughout the Holocene humans altered the Near Eastern environment so thoroughly that the land has become a human artifact, albeit one that retains the power to shape human societies. In this trailblazing book—the first to describe and explain the development of the Near Eastern landscape using archaeological data—Wilkinson identifies specific landscape signatures for various regions and periods, from the early stages of complex societies in the fifth to sixth millennium B.C. to the close of the Early Islamic period around the tenth century A.D. From Bronze Age city-states to colonized steppes, these signature landscapes of irrigation systems, tells, and other features changed through time along with changes in social, economic, political, and environmental conditions. By weaving together the record of the human landscape with evidence of settlement, the environment, and social and economic conditions, Wilkinson provides a holistic view of the ancient Near East that complements archaeological excavations, cuneiform texts, and other conventional sources. Through this overview, culled from thirty years' research, Wilkinson establishes a new framework for understanding the economic and physical infrastructure of the region. By describing the basic attributes of the ancient cultural landscape and placing their development within the context of a dynamic environment, he breaks new ground in landscape archaeology and offers a new context for understanding the ancient Near East.