The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Clinicians, nurses as well as families and caregivers should also benefit from the material presented in handling and treating their specialised cases. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases.
There is perhaps no area of neuro-ophthalmology that is advancing more rapidly with respect to an understanding of its anatomy and physiology than the ocular motor system. For this reason, it is difficult not only to keep up with the latest information concerning the basic mechanisms involved in the control of eye movements but also to remain up to date regarding the pathophysiology of specific disorders of eye movement. The material in this book is derived from a two-day course on eye movements held in The Netherlands in 1986. The course was designed as an introduction to the normal ocular motor system and to disorders of eye movements and was aimed toward orthoptists, ophthalmolo gists, optometrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. The chapters in this book were compiled by a trio of experts in the field of eye movements and contain discussions of anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system, techniques of examination of patients with diplopia, and pathophysiology of specific disorders of ocular motility. Many of the authors of these chapters are among the most active investigators of eye movements in the world today, and their comments thus reflect the latest information in the field. This text is both basic and com prehensive and thus has something for everyone, from the student just beginning a study of the ocular motor system to the seasoned 'veteran' who wishes to know the latest information regarding central ocular motor control mechanisms. Neil R.
Liu, Volpe, and Galetta's Neuro-Ophthalmology: Diagnosis and Management, 3rd Edition remains unique in its complete, authoritative coverage of the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders affecting the eye. Bridging the gap between a handbook and an encyclopedic resource, it distills a vast amount of information into a single, concise, superbly illustrated volume. User-friendly and thoroughly up to date, this highly renowned reference is a one-stop resource for current information in this growing area. - Combines over 1,000 illustrations and cross references with tables, outlines, and flow-diagrams to provide you with everything you need to understand the underlying presentation, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and diagnostic studies in neuro-ophthalmology, along with the ideal diagnostic, treatment, and ongoing management tools for all neuro-ophthalmic conditions. - Covers the neurological examination and the bedside neuro-ophthalmic evaluation of comatose patients that demonstrates how the examination can be used to confirm a diagnosis arrived at from the patient history. - Includes the expertise and knowledge of a small, hand-picked contributor team that ensure the latest advances are incorporated into each chapter. - Contains increased coverage on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its role in revolutionizing the ability to make more accurate neuro-ophthalmic diagnoses. - Features twice the number of videos as the previous edition, including new footage of eye movement and eyelid disorders, pupillary abnormalities, and examination techniques. Also included are instructional videos demonstrating diagnostic bedside vestibular techniques in addition to therapeutic repositioning maneuvers used to treat all variants (i.e., posterior, horizontal, and anterior canals) of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). - Provides all-new information on gaze disorders, nystagmus, and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of demyelinating disease. - Presents current knowledge on vestibular disease and the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of head trauma, as well as brainstem, cerebellar, and degenerative diseases. - Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
This book gives a clinical context to optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, while considering the differential diagnosis and providing patient management guidance. Relevant anatomical and technical aspects are discussed, followed by a pragmatic illustration of the use of OCT for the clinical spectrum of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis, and finishing with information on monitoring ocular side effects of recently approved disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Applications is aimed at clinical neurologists working with patients suffering from MS and general neurologists who see patients with visual symptoms in their daily practice. Ophthalmologists sharing clinical responsibilities with neurologists for patients under disease-modifying treatments will also find the book of interest.
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has undergone tremendous growth since its first commercial introduction in 2014. Because it provides injection-free, capillary-resolution, 3-dimensional angiography of the retina and choroid, OCTA is likely to overtake fluorescein as the most important angiographic imaging technique in the eye. Nearly all manufacturers of ophthalmic OCT now offer OCTA products. A PubMed search now yields over 5700 articles on OCTA and related terms. Clinical investigators have already found a use for OCTA in almost every category of retinal and optic nerve diseases. This book is meant to bring together all this information so clinicians can have one authoritative text to turn to as we begin to use this new imaging modality that was never taught when we were in formal training. Table of contents Introduction Dedication About the Editors Contributors 1. Optical coherence tomography systems for angiography 2. Optical coherence tomographic angiography algorithms 3. Vascular anatomy of the normal retina and choroid 4. OCTA of the normal anterior eye circulations 5. Artifacts 6. Quantification 7. Artificial intelligence in optical coherence tomographic angiography 8. Terminology: a new standard 9. AngioVue SSADA OCTA on the Optovue SOLIX Spectral-Domain OCT 10. Optical microangiography with AngioPlex® and PLEX® Elite systems 11. Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging on the Topcon Triton and Maestro2 systems 12. NIDEK Mirante OCT angiography 13. OCTA on the Heidelberg spectralis spectral-domain OCT 14. OCTA on the Optopol REVO NX spectral-domain OCT 15. OCTA on the Canon OCT-HS100 and Xephilio OCT-A1 Spectral-Domain OCT 16. Exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration—Type 1, 2 and 3 neovascularization 17. Retinal angiomatous proliferation—type 3 choroidal neovascularization 18. Short- and long-term follow-up of macular neovascularization response to antiangiogenic treatment 19. Nonexudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration 20. Non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration 21. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy 22. Macular telangiectasia 23. Central serous chorioretinopathy 25. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy 26. Subclinical neovascular diabetic retinopathy 27. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy 28. Retinal venous occlusion 29. Retinal arterial occlusion 30. Plexus-specific occlusions in retinal vascular diseases 31. Paracentral acute middle maculopathy 32. Inherited retinal degenerations 33. Pathologic myopia 34. Multimodal imaging and the role of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal vasculitis 35. White spot syndromes 36. Choroidal tumors 37. Radiation retinopathy 38. Open-angle glaucoma 39. Primary angle-closure glaucoma 40. Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis 41. Alzheimer’s disease 42. Corneal neovascularization 43. Ocular surface and iris tumors
Vision is the most important sense in higher mammals. The retina is the first step in visual processing and the window to the brain. It is not surprising that problems arising in the retina lead to moderate to severe visual impairments. We offer here a collection of reviews as well as original papers dealing with various aspects of retinal function as well as dysfunction. New approaches in retinal research are described, such as the expression and localization of the endocannabinoid system in the normal retina and the role of cannabinoid receptors that could offer new avenues of research in the development of potential treatments for retinal diseases. Moreover, new insights are offered in advancing knowledge towards the prevention and cure of visual pathologies, mainly AMD, RP, and diabetic retinopathy.
In only a short period of time, the innovative procedure of OCT angiography has become an essential macula imaging technique. Now that it is routinely used in clinical practice, the investigation of retinal and choroidal circulation is non-invasive, which significantly changes the professional’s approach to patients. In this volume, retina specialists and renowned experts share their experience with OCT angiography. They have included numerous color images and presented current ideas to form a base for further research and discussion. This book provides retina specialists, ophthalmologists, and researchers with a first glance at original research and clinical reports on this new methodology.
Pediatric Neuroophthalmology details the diagnostic criteria, current concepts of pathogenesis, neuroradiological correlates, and clinical management of a large group of neuroophthalmic disorders that present in childhood. Surprisingly distinct from neuroophthalmic disorders afflicting adults, this set of diseases falls between the cracks of most ophthalmology training, and thus, warrants a practical, clinical guide for the practitioner in ophthalmology - the neuroophthalmologist, pediatric ophthalmologist, general ophthalmologist - as well as neurologists and for residents. The authors, leading pediatric ophthalmologists, have taken this difficult subject matter and developed an accessible, user-friendly manual with a detailed approach to the recognition, differential diagnosis, and management of pediatric neuroophthalmologic disorders.
A comprehensive survey of best practice in using diagnostic imaging in acute neurologic conditions. The symptom-based approach guides the choice of the available imaging tools for efficient, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis. Effective examination algorithms integrate neurological and imaging concepts with the practical demands and constraints of emergency care.
