Regulation by Proxy catalogues the intermediaries that are critical to organic certification, including the National Organic Standards Board, accredited certifying agents, organic inspectors, the California State Organic Program, the Accredited Certifiers Association, the International Organic Inspectors Association, and material review organizations. Drawing on a range of evidence, from original data to the work of prominent food policy authors, Carter assesses each intermediary’s contributions to organic standards development, administration, and enforcement. Carter’s analysis shows that there are undeniable benefits to how organic food is regulated in the U.S., however, relying on an assortment of intermediaries requires multifaceted oversight for which the USDA may not always have sufficient tools or capacity to realize.
Written by leading authorities, the Second Edition of A Practical Guide to SEC Proxy and Compensation Rules provides expert analysis and valuable tips and pointers on everything you need to know to master the proxy process and ensure compliance with the SEC's rules. You get comprehensive guidance on such essential issues as: Preparing the executive compensation tables and compensation committee report -- plus examples and the full text reports of seven companies -- Explanations of the FASB rules on accounting for stock options -- Discussions on the requirements necessary to ensure the tax deductibility of executive compensation under IRC Section 162(m) -- Descriptions of the disclosure requirements for a company seeking shareholder approval of certain employee benefit plans -- Analysis of institutional activism under the proxy rules -- And much more. Insightful analysis throughout this guide of how companies have responded to the SEC regulations and on the positions taken by the SEC will help you prepare day-to-day disclosures as well as long-range plans. Valuable appendixes contain SEC and DOL releases, rules and regulations.
The Economics of Credit Rating Agencies explores the economic and regulatory issues and frictions associated with credit rating agencies in the aftermath of the financial crisis. While ratings and other public signals are important, they can discourage independent due diligence and be a source of systemic risk. The authors highlight the diverse underlying views towards these competing approaches to reducing systemic risk and discuss the subtle contrasts between credit rating agencies and other types of due diligence providers, such as auditors, analysts and proxy-voting advisors. After an introduction, Section 2 provides a broad discussion of ratings in the regulatory framework, as well as how ratings potentially crowd out private information production and the risks associated with overreliance on ratings in market pricing. Section 3 contrasts credit rating agencies with alternative gatekeepers, such as auditors, analysts and proxy-voting advisers. Section 4 describes the difficulty of selling information and the underpinnings of the payment model for various financial information intermediaries under alternative assumptions. Section 5 discusses of rating agency analyst conflict of interest. An important aspect of credit ratings is the feedback effect that arises when a firm's behavior responds to the change in the cost of funding that is influenced by the rating. Feedback effects arise because of contractual triggers, but also through coordination and learning channels. Section 6 discusses these channels and especially the learning channel. Section 7 discusses selection issues including rating shopping and the contrast between solicited and unsolicited credit ratings. Section 8 contrasts ratings across products, including sovereign debt, and rating agencies. The nature of competition and the role of entry and reputation in the credit rating agency space are explored in Section 9. Section 10 examines why ratings matter, as well as techniques for identifying the real effects of ratings. The authors provide concluding observations and takeaways about rating agencies that emerged as a byproduct of the financial crisis in Section 11.
"This Hornbook is aimed primarily at law students. It is a substantial abridgement of my four-volume Treatise on the law of securities regulation"--P. ix.
Investment Adviser Regulation: A Step-by-Step Guide to Compliance and the Law gives you the thorough regulatory guidance you need to understand the rules currently governing investment advisers while ensuring you keep pace with the tougher rules to come. This straightforward, easy-to-read compliance resource shows you how to file and update the pivotal Form ADV and draft compliant advisory contracts.
Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook with Study Center on Casebook Connect, including lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities. Access also includes practice questions, an outline tool, and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. Business Organizations Law in Focus, Third Edition, provides a thorough introduction to the key attributes, advantages, and disadvantages of every form of for-profit business organization in the United States, including: partnerships, limited liability companies, and corporations. The practice-oriented approach of the Focus Casebook Series elucidates the legal and practical aspects of business organizations through real-world scenarios that provide numerous opportunities for students to apply theory to practice and solidify their understanding of key concepts. Clear exposition and Case Previews support independent learning and focus case analysis. New to the Second Edition: Significantly more editing of cases with an eye towards making case excerpts shorter and more accessible to students. New cases in Chapters 1 and 2 that address veil piercing, the creation of an agency relationship, agent authority, and principal liability in a manner that is (more) accessible to students. Expanded coverage of LLCs in Chapter 12, including a newly-added cases and related exercises addressing the primacy of the operating agreement in LLC governance and LCC dissolution standards New cases and exercises in Chapter 9 highlighting the new universal test for demand futility under Rule 23.1 (the Zuckerberg case) and the continued evolution of Delaware's Caremark corporate monitoring and oversight doctrine A newly-added Delaware Supreme Court case in Chapter 10 in which shareholders of AmerisourceBergen--one of the world's leading wholesale distributors of opioid painkillers--sought to exercise their inspection rights under DGCL Section 200 to investigate whether the firm had engaged in wrongdoing in connection with the distribution of opioids A newly-added case in Chapter 7 addressing preferred stock attributes and the relationship between common stock and preferred stock. Additional and expanded references to Model Business Corporation Act (MBCA) standards across Chapters 8, 9, and 10 Updated coverage of the proxy system and proxy regulation, securities offering rules and regs, and developments in insider trading law New and/or updated cases and "spotlight" sections that address a variety of timely issues, including "unicorns" (start-up businesses with a valuation of at least $1 billion), so-called "shadow" trading, claims involving opioid manufacturers, and corporate governance matters involving #MeToo claims. Professors and students will benefit from: Features that engage students in applying theory to practice, such as Real Life Applications, Application Exercises, and Applying the Concepts. Experiential exercises on drafting documents and preparing appropriate filings. An overview in Chapter One of the various forms of business organization and their key attributes, advantages, and disadvantages. An emphasis on contemporary principal cases and issues that resonate with today's students and fuel class discussion. Clear exposition of legal principles, so students can absorb assigned reading on their own, and professors don't have to explain it from the lectern in class. Attention to legal ethics and rules of professional responsibility that commonly arise in the representation of business entities.
Cornerstone's Electoral Legislation covers the five principal kinds of UK elections: Parliamentary; European; Local Government; Parish; and Referendums. The legislation governing the conduct of elections is necessarily technical and highly prescriptive with electoral officers expected to absolutely adhere to the rules. As legislation is amended every year this title enables electoral officers ready access to up-to-date legislation. This is a new title in the 'Cornerstone' series which is published with the highly respected chambers.
