Regulating defined contribution pension schemes

Regulating defined contribution pension schemes

Author: Great Britain: National Audit Office

Publisher: The Stationery Office

Published: 2012-07-11

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13: 9780102977219

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This report on the regulation of defined contribution pensions concludes that there is insufficient accountability to ensure that the regulatory system delivers value for money. The report highlights the taxpayer's substantial interest in the effectiveness of pension regulation. In 2010-11, tax relief for employer-sponsored defined contribution schemes amounted to an estimated £8.5 billion. The trend towards defined contribution schemes increases longer-term risks to the taxpayer, as members are on average likely to achieve considerably lower levels of retirement income than those with predominantly defined benefit pensions, and the state is ultimately liable for providing a basic income for the elderly. The Pensions Regulator regulates all work-based pension schemes and shares responsibility for regulating some of these schemes - so-called contract-based schemes - with the Financial Services Authority. The Regulator has adopted a sound approach of aiming to regulate in a targeted, proportionate and risk-based way, and that its evidence base is improving, as is the administration of schemes. However, The Pensions Regulator's current system of performance measurement does not make it possible to judge whether the Regulator is effective in protecting members' benefits, which is one of its strategic objectives. There is no single body leading on regulating schemes, setting objectives or measuring performance. The lack of a joined-up approach also means that there is insufficient basic information available about the market, such as definite numbers of scheme members or the levels of fees and charges they face.


OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Portugal

OECD Reviews of Pension Systems: Portugal

Author: OECD

Publisher: OECD Publishing

Published: 2019-03-20

Total Pages: 166

ISBN-13: 9264313737

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This review builds on the OECD’s best practices in pension design and provides policy recommendations on how to improve the Portuguese pension system, detailing the Portuguese pension system and its strengths and weaknesses based on cross-country comparisons. The Portuguese pension system ...


Assessing Chile's Pension System: Challenges and Reform Options

Assessing Chile's Pension System: Challenges and Reform Options

Author: Samuel Pienknagura

Publisher: International Monetary Fund

Published: 2021-09-10

Total Pages: 52

ISBN-13: 151359611X

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Chile’s pension system came under close scrutiny in recent years. This paper takes stock of the adequacy of the system and highlights its challenges. Chile’s defined contribution system was quite influential when introduced, and was taken as an example by other countries. However, it is now delivering low replacement rates relative to OECD peers, as its parameters did not adapt over time to changing demographics and global returns, while informality persists in the labor market. In the absence of reforms, the system’s inability to deliver adequate outcomes for a large share of participants will continue to magnify, as demographic trends and low global interest rates will continue to reduce replacement rates. In addition, recent legislation allowing for pension savings withdrawals to counter the effects from the COVID-19 pandemic, is projected to further reduce replacement rates and increase fiscal costs. A substantial improvement in replacement rates is feasible, via a reform that raises contribution rates and the retirement age, coupled with policies that increases workers’ contribution density.


Pensions in the Public Sector

Pensions in the Public Sector

Author: Olivia S. Mitchell

Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press

Published: 2001

Total Pages: 692

ISBN-13: 9780812235784

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From the Pension Research Council of the Wharton School, this book explores the diversity of governmental pension plans and investigates how these financial institutions must change in years to come.


Restructuring Retirement Risks

Restructuring Retirement Risks

Author: David Blitzstein

Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA

Published: 2006-08-03

Total Pages: 270

ISBN-13: 0199204659

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Highlighting retirement security as a major policy concern, this book addresses the question 'What are the risks & rewards in pensions, & what paths can stakeholders chose to solve these problems?'. It deals with employees' needs & expectations, employers' intentions & realizations, & policymakers' efforts to resolve the many challenges.


Management and Regulation of Pension Schemes

Management and Regulation of Pension Schemes

Author: Nicholas Morris

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2018-03-19

Total Pages: 232

ISBN-13: 1351975153

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Perhaps the greatest long-term challenge facing modern economies is how to pay for the living expenses and care costs of the elderly. Following policy decisions made in Australia in the 1990s, a substantial part of the pension requirements of the next cohort of retirees will be met from savings accumulated during working years. The effective management of these savings is crucial. If they are invested wisely, the assets available to fund pensions and care will grow; if not, available funds may turn out to be insufficient. Unfortunately, there is considerable evidence worldwide that the management of funds attracts rent-seeking behaviour by the financial services industry which erodes much of the potential return. Australia introduced compulsory superannuation contributions for its working population in 1991, leading to a proliferation of funded schemes that are largely run by the private sector. Complexity, and many degrees of separation between fund members and those who manage their funds, have emerged as serious problems. Combined with weak competitive pressures and governance systems, and insufficient legal and regulatory constraints, the result is a system that does not serve its members well. This book provides a detailed evaluation of the Australian experience, highlights the extent to which the financial services industry has extracted rents from Australian pensioners, and how and why this occurred. Based on original empirical research, and examination of industry reviews and relevant literature, the book demonstrates the numerous principal–agent, conflict of interest and rent extraction problems that have emerged in Australia. The book makes suggestions for how these problems can be addressed in Australia, and also provides lessons for other countries wishing to enact pension reform.


Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes

Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes

Author: Robert Holzmann

Publisher: World Bank Publications

Published: 2019-10-18

Total Pages: 463

ISBN-13: 1464814562

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The individual account-based but unfunded approach to mandated public pension systems is a reform benchmark for all pension schemes, promising fair and financially sustainable benefits. Nonfinancial defined contribution (NDC) pension schemes originated in Italy and Sweden in the 1990s, were then adopted by Latvia, Norway, and Poland, envisaged but not implemented in various other countries, such as Egypt and Russia, and remain under discussion in many nations around the world, such as China and France. In its complete form, the approach also comprises budget-financed basic income provisions and mandated or voluntary funded provisions. Volume 1 of this book offers an assessment of countries that were early adopters before addressing key aspects of policy implementation and design review, including how best to combine basic income provisions with an NDC scheme, how to deal with heterogeneity in longevity, and how to adjust NDC scheme design and labor market policies to deliver on reform expectations. Volume 2 addresses a second set of issues, including the gender pension gap and what family policies can do about it within the NDC framework, labor market issues and administrative challenges of NDC schemes and how countries are coping, the role of communication in these pension schemes, the complexity of cross-border pension taxation, and much more. Progress and Challenges of Nonfinancial Defined Contribution Pension Schemes is the third in a series of books analyzing the progress, challenges, and adjustment options of this reform revolution for mandated public pension systems. 'Pension reform is a major issue in many countries. The development of the nonfinancial defined contribution pension plan in the 90's was a major advance in pension design. By reporting actual country experiences and exploring properties of plan designs, this latest collection of essays is a valuable contribution, well worth reading.' Peter Diamond Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology; 2010 winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 'A highly stimulating publication for policy makers and researchers alike. It pushes the analytical frontier for policy challenges that all public pension schemes are confronted with but that the nonfinancial defined contribution approach promises to handle best.' Noriyuki Takayama President, Research Institute for Policies on Pension and Aging, Tokyo, and professor emeritus, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 'In a changing world where pensions are more than ever linked to labor markets, communication tools, and flexibility considerations, this anthology provides a unique up-to-date analysis of nonfinancial defined contribution pension schemes. By mixing international experiences and theoretical studies, it demonstrates the high adaptability of such pension schemes to changing social challenges.' Pierre Devolder Professor of Finance and Actuarial Sciences, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium