La reforma psiquiátrica
La reforma psiquiátrica

Author: Jorge Tizón

Publisher: Herder Editorial

Published: 2023-11-14

Total Pages: 81

ISBN-13: 8425450306

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En la década de 1980 del siglo pasado, surgió un amplio movimiento profesional y sociocultural denominado "Reforma Psiquiátrica", orientado a dignificar y mejorar el tratamiento de los sujetos con trastornos mentales, y a incluirlos dentro de los cuidados sanitarios para aliviar su sufrimiento. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, pareciera que estos objetivos no se lograron tal como esperaba o incluso, en algunos ámbitos se estancaron. En este libro, Jorge Tizón presenta el estado actual de esa reforma y de la atención a los problemas psicopatológicos de la población en nuestras sociedades. Analiza qué permanece hoy del movimiento y qué puede proyectarse en el futuro, en qué campos o ámbitos se han logrado avances significativos y en cuáles no, y hasta qué punto hay que cambiar de vías y objetivos. Se trata de una propuesta para la discusión del pasado reciente y del futuro de los cuidados en la salud mental. Una discusión que debe enmarcarse, en primer lugar, dentro del conflicto entre los tres modelos de atención hoy en día visibles en nuestro sistema: la psiquiatría neoliberal o biocomercial, la psiquiatría de beneficencia (o psiquiatría para pobres) y los cuidados comunitaristas de la "salud mental", y en segundo lugar, dentro del contexto de la triple crisis que hoy afecta a nuestras sociedades: la ecológica, la social y la de los sistemas de cuidados.

Madness and Social Change
Madness and Social Change

Author: Paulo Amarante

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2022-09-06

Total Pages: 100

ISBN-13: 3031133757

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In this book, the history of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform is told by one of its main protagonists. In the early 1980s, there were about 80 thousand people admitted to psychiatric hospitals in Brazil, with average lengths of hospital stay of approximately 25 years. The psychiatric reform process that took place in the country was responsible for closing more than 60 thousand beds in mental asylums, most of them characterized by conditions of violence and abandonment. The Brazilian Psychiatric Reform was inspired by the psychosocial care model introduced by psychiatrist Franco Basaglia in Italy and was marked by the broad participation of social movements, such as the anti-asylum movement and other human rights movements. This process gave rise to a model of mental health care based on open-door territorial mental health services, guided by the principle of treatment in liberty, in addition to other strategies of deinstitutionalization. More than a proposal to restructure or modernize the mental health care model, the objective of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform was the construction of a new social place for the diverse and singular subjective experience of madness. By intending to produce new imaginaries, new social representations and new meanings for these experiences, the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform led to one of the larger experiences of deinstitutionalization in the world and to the large scale implementation of a new model of mental health care in which the old asylum-centric paradigm was replaced by a new democratic psychosocial care model.

Innovations in Global Mental Health
Innovations in Global Mental Health

Author: Samuel O. Okpaku

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2021-11-02

Total Pages: 2272

ISBN-13: 303057296X

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Over the course of the last decade, political and mental entities at large have embraced global mental health: the idea that psychiatric health is vital to improved quality of life. Physicians globally have implemented guidelines recommended by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 2007, thereby breaking down barriers to care and improving quality of life in areas where these practices have been implemented. Programs for training and education have expanded as a result. Clinicians benefit more from both local resources in some regions as well as in international collaboration and technological advancements. Even amidst all of these positive outcomes, clinicians still face some stumbling blocks. With worldwide statistics estimating that 450 million people struggle with mental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders—25 percent of the world’s non-communicable disease burden—rising to these challenges prove to be no small feat, even in wealthy Western nations. Various articles and books have been published on global mental health, but few of them thoroughly cover the clinical, research, innovative, and social implications as they pertain to psychiatry; often, only one of these aspects is covered. A comprehensive text that can keep pace with the rapidly evolving literature grows more and more valuable each day as clinicians struggle to piece together the changes around the world that leave open the possibility for improved outcomes in care. This book seeks to boldly rectify this situation by identifying innovative models of service delivery, training, education, research funding, and payment systems that have proven to be exemplary in implementation and scalability or have potential for scalability. Chapters describe specific barriers and challenges, illuminating effective strategies for improved outcomes. This text is the first peer-reviewed resource to gather prestigious physicians in global mental health from around the world and disseminate their expertise in the medical community at large in a format that is updateable, making it a truly cutting-edge resource in a world constantly changed by medical, scientific, and technological advances. Innovations in Global Mental Health is the ultimate resource for psychiatrists, psychologists, primary care physicians, hospitalists, policy makers, and all medical professionals at the forefront of global mental health and its implications for the future.

Community Mental Health
Community Mental Health

Author: Graham Thornicroft

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2011-09-09

Total Pages: 233

ISBN-13: 111995214X

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There are wide inconsistencies between, and even within, countries in how community-orientated care is defined and interpreted. The analysis presented in this book take as a starting point an evidence-based balanced care model in which services are provided in community settings close to the populations served, with hospital stays being reduced as far as possible, usually located in acute wards in general hospitals. The surprising conclusion from the research is that the same problems arise in all countries, regardless of resource status, and thus the recommendations of this book apply to mental health provision everywhere. This book reviews the implementation of community-orientated care using the balanced care model. It summarizes the steps, obstacles and mistakes that have been encountered in the implementation of community mental health care worldwide and presents guidelines on how to avoid them. It proposes realistic and achievable recommendations for the development and implementation of community-orientated mental health care over the next ten years. These guidelines will be of practical use to psychiatrists and other mental health and public health practitioners at all levels worldwide, including policy makers, commissioners, funders, non-governmental organisations, service users and carers. A core message of the book is that the mental health sector will more powerfully advocate for better services in future through strong and unified alliances, especially with powerful representation from consumer/service user and carer groups. Community-orientated care draws on a wide range of practitioners, providers, care and support systems (both professional and non-professional), though particular components may play a larger or lesser role in different settings depending on the local context and the available resources, especially trained staff. Research by a WPA task force has demonstrated that most of the challenges are common and global, but with local variations. The book is therefore relevant to psychiatrists and mental health workers in developed countries who are trying to deliver better health care on reduced budgets and for those in the developing economies who are in the position to modernise their mental health care. It provides clear, concise guidance on policy and practice decisions, learning from what has and has not worked in regions in the world. The book contains many tables documenting the evidence, supported by an essential reference list, and a Key Points summary for each chapter. Highly Commended in the Psychiatry section of the 2012 BMA Book Awards.

Subjectivity and Critical Mental Health
Subjectivity and Critical Mental Health

Author: Daniel Goulart

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2019-02-21

Total Pages: 128

ISBN-13: 1351251899

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Subjectivity and Critical Mental Health: Lessons from Brazil presents and discusses subjectivity as a key concept to challenge the individualized and reified perspective that psychology and mental health studies have traditionally sustained. Situated against the maintenance of hierarchical, unilateral and objectifying relations within mental health, this book is a timely and necessary critical intervention. Drawing on González Rey’s cultural-historical theory of subjectivity, the author constructs points of convergence with critical social psychology, as well as with some critiques from traditional psychiatry based on antipsychiatry. Using empirical findings from original research undertaken in Brazilian community mental health services, a complex articulation between mental health, education and subjective development is proposed by emphasizing a unified research/professional practice, based on an ethics of the subject. Ending by examining possible alternatives for critical mental health that engage with culture and society, the book sets the stage for further re-thinking of research and practice within the critical mental health field. Accessibly written, the interdisciplinary nature of the text should also make this book fascinating reading for students and academics interested in critical psychology, post-colonial studies, mental health and education alike.

Asylum in the Community
Asylum in the Community

Author: John Carrier

Publisher: Routledge

Published: 2003-09-02

Total Pages: 237

ISBN-13: 113484199X

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Based on an empirical examination of psychiatric care both past and present,Asylum in the Community clearly defines the concept of asylum and shows how it can be provided effectively outside the hospital. Drawing on work in the USA, Belgium, Spain, Ireland and England, contributors analyse such services from both user and provider perspectives. From these analyses the editors establish the key elements that should be considered in developing contemporary community services for the mentally ill. Asylum in the Community provides a balanced assessment of a controversial, topical issue for managers and providers of mental health services and those teaching or training in the mental health sciences.

Latin American Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Bioethics and Disabilities
Latin American Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Bioethics and Disabilities

Author: Ana Paula Barbosa-Fohrmann

Publisher: Springer Nature

Published: 2023-01-31

Total Pages: 154

ISBN-13: 303122891X

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This book provides a critical analysis of the experiences of people with disabilities in Latin America. It covers a wide range of topics related to intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. Written by Latin American researchers and adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, it provides an original sociocultural contribution to bioethics and disability studies literature. It presents an in-depth overview of philosophical, ethical, legal, political and social issues. At the same time, it offers a contribution to the global scientific community inasmuch it discusses theoretical references from South America in connection with those from Europe and the United States. The basic questions dealt with range from criteria for human flourishing to questions of philosophy of mind, and neuroethics through phenomenological and aesthetic approaches to intellectual and psychosocial disabilities. The legal and political investigations explore the rights of those affected and the processes of their self-organization. The authors address the dynamics of medicalization and demedicalization, the practices of psychiatric institutionalization and the treatment of children with antipsychotics. This book appeals to psychologists, social scientists, bioethicists, healthcare personnel, philosophers, and lawyers working with cases related to people with disabilities.