Reference Levels and Achievable Doses in Medical and Dental Imaging
Reference Levels and Achievable Doses in Medical and Dental Imaging

Author: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Scientific Committee 4-3 on Diagnostic Reference Levels and Achievable Doses, and Reference Levels in Medical Imaging: Recommendations for Applications in the United States

Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English

Published: 2012

Total Pages: 133

ISBN-13: 9780983545026

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Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are used in medical imaging to indicate whether the patient radiation dose or amount of administered activity from a specific procedure are unusually high or low for that procedure. DRLs are the first step in the optimization process to manage patient dose commensurate with the medical purpose of the procedure. Achievable dose is an optimization goal, based on survey data, and typically defined as the median value (50th percentile) of the dose distribution of standard techniques and technologies in widespread use. The overarching goal is to obtain image quality consistent with the clinical objective, while avoiding unnecessary radiation. Too low an exposure, however, is also to be avoided if it results in an inadequate image. This Report represents an important continuation of NCRP reports on radiation safety and health protection in medicine and lays the foundation for the development and application of DRLs and achievable doses for diagnostic x-ray examinations. The concept of DRLs is extended to procedures other than diagnostic x-ray examinations (e.g., for interventional radiology) by the use of reference levels (RLs), which represent radiation dose levels that if exceeded prompt an evaluation of the reasons why. This Report discusses the establishment and use of RLs for fluoroscopically-guided interventional (FGI) procedures and describes why a different approach from DRLs is required to account for the greater complexity of interventional radiology compared with standard medical imaging procedures. Phantoms are models of the human body used in radiation dosimetry studies to estimate exposures to patients. The use of phantom survey data in the United States is contrasted with the use of patient-based dose data in Europe for establishing DRLs, achievable doses, and RLs. The use of phantom survey data is reviewed for determining DRLs for imaging modalities such as projection radiography, fluoro

Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging
Dose, Benefit, and Risk in Medical Imaging

Author: Lawrence T. Dauer

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2018-10-11

Total Pages: 283

ISBN-13: 0429814739

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This timely overview of dose, benefit, and risk in medical imaging explains to readers how to apply this information for informed decision-making that improves patient outcomes. The chapters cover patient and physician perspectives, referral guidelines, appropriateness criteria, and quantifying medical imaging benefits. The authors have included essential discussion about radiologic physics in medical imaging, fundamentals of dose and image quality, risk assessment, and techniques for optimization and dose reduction. The book highlights practical implementation aspects with useful case studies and checklists for treatment planning. Clinicians, students, residents, and professionals in medical physics, biomedical engineering, radiology, oncology, and allied disciplines will find this book an essential resource with the following key features: Discusses risk, benefit, dose optimization, safety, regulation, radiological protection, and shared & informed decision-making. Covers regulatory oversight by government agencies, manufacturers, and societies. Highlights best practices for improving patient safety and outcomes. Gives guidelines on doses associated with specific procedures.

Hendee's Physics of Medical Imaging
Hendee's Physics of Medical Imaging

Author: Ehsan Samei

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2019-02-08

Total Pages: 1006

ISBN-13: 1118670965

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An up-to-date edition of the authoritative text on the physics of medical imaging, written in an accessible format The extensively revised fifth edition of Hendee's Medical Imaging Physics, offers a guide to the principles, technologies, and procedures of medical imaging. Comprehensive in scope, the text contains coverage of all aspects of image formation in modern medical imaging modalities including radiography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, nuclear imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Since the publication of the fourth edition, there have been major advances in the techniques and instrumentation used in the ever-changing field of medical imaging. The fifth edition offers a comprehensive reflection of these advances including digital projection imaging techniques, nuclear imaging technologies, new CT and MR imaging methods, and ultrasound applications. The new edition also takes a radical strategy in organization of the content, offering the fundamentals common to most imaging methods in Part I of the book, and application of those fundamentals in specific imaging modalities in Part II. These fundamentals also include notable updates and new content including radiobiology, anatomy and physiology relevant to medical imaging, imaging science, image processing, image display, and information technologies. The book makes an attempt to make complex content in accessible format with limited mathematical formulation. The book is aimed to be accessible by most professionals with lay readers interested in the subject. The book is also designed to be of utility for imaging physicians and residents, medical physics students, and medical physicists and radiologic technologists perpetrating for certification examinations. The revised fifth edition of Hendee's Medical Imaging Physics continues to offer the essential information and insights needed to understand the principles, the technologies, and procedures used in medical imaging.

The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging
The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging

Author: Jerold T. Bushberg

Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Published: 2020-11-24

Total Pages: 1688

ISBN-13: 1975103246

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Widely regarded as the cornerstone text in the field, the successful series of editions continues to follow the tradition of a clear and comprehensive presentation of the physical principles and operational aspects of medical imaging. The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, 4th Edition, is a coherent and thorough compendium of the fundamental principles of the physics, radiation protection, and radiation biology that underlie the practice and profession of medical imaging. Distinguished scientists and educators from the University of California, Davis, provide up-to-date, readable information on the production, characteristics, and interactions of non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, magnetic fields and ultrasound used in medical imaging and the imaging modalities in which they are used, including radiography, mammography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. This vibrant, full-color text is enhanced by more than 1,000 images, charts, and graphs, including hundreds of new illustrations. This text is a must-have resource for medical imaging professionals, radiology residents who are preparing for Core Exams, and teachers and students in medical physics and biomedical engineering.

Radiation Protection in Dental Radiology
Radiation Protection in Dental Radiology

Author: IAEA

Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency

Published: 2022-05-16

Total Pages: 110

ISBN-13: 9201386214

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X ray imaging is used extensively in dentistry to diagnose symptoms, plan and monitor treatments and to follow up pathoses. This Safety Report provides guidance on meeting the requirements for radiation protection and safety in uses of ionizing radiation in dentistry established in IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3, Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. It includes guidelines for the justification and appropriateness of medical exposure, and the optimization of radiation protection and safety for patients, carers and dental staff, with detail on considerations relevant for children and pregnant women. Quality assurance, dosimetry and the operation of dental radiological equipment are also discussed. This publication is intended for dental practitioners, referring medical practitioners, medical radiation technologists and other dental health professionals, as well as medical physicists, radiation protection experts, manufacturers and regulators.

Radiography and Radiology for Dental Care Professionals E-Book
Radiography and Radiology for Dental Care Professionals E-Book

Author: Eric Whaites

Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences

Published: 2020-01-11

Total Pages: 322

ISBN-13: 0702076848

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Written in an easy-to-read, accessible manner and now with a new colour design to aid learning, each page has been carefully designed to ensure clarity of understanding to enable both confidence and safety in the clinical situation and exam success. Radiography, radiation protection and interpretation of dental diseases are addressed and accompanied by a range of online self-assessment exercises. Suitable for all Dental Care Professionals, this book has become essential reading for all those preparing to undertake examinations in dental radiography and who intend to undertake clinical imaging as part of their day-to-day practice. New and updated online self-assessment questions and answers New sections on normal anatomy for occlusal, periapical and panoramic radiographs Updated sections on caries and periodontal disease Presented in full colour to aid navigation and visual understanding of the subject area Clear and accessible approach to the subject makes learning and understanding especially easy More than 600 tables and illustrations present clinical, diagnostic and practical information in an easy-to-understand manner Written by two nationally and internationally known and respected experts in the field of dental radiography and radiology

Radiation Protection in Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging
Radiation Protection in Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging

Author: Euclid Seeram

Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers

Published: 2016-01-13

Total Pages: 599

ISBN-13: 1284117715

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Radiation Protection in Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging covers the recent developments that have been introduced to address the increasing dose to the patient, and new assessment tools for use in dose optimization studies. Based on material from ASRT, ARRT and CAMRT, as well as Current Concepts of Radiation Protection. Content is mapped to the ARRT Radiation Protection Examination Specifications and ASRT Radiation Protection Objectives. In addition to topics prescribed by the ARRT for the certification examination, this book includes topics for advanced study. Some electronic and eBook versions do not include access to Navigate 2 Advantage resources.

Radiological Safety and Quality
Radiological Safety and Quality

Author: Lawrence Lau

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2013-11-22

Total Pages: 473

ISBN-13: 9400772564

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This book is the product of a unique collaboration by experts from leading international, regional and national agencies and professional organizations discussing on the current ‘hot’ issue on the judicious use and safety of radiation in radiology. There have been several cases involving radiation overexposure that have received international attention. Strategies and solutions to guide readers how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks when using radiation in medicine are covered.