The Recursive Book of Recursion
The Recursive Book of Recursion

Author: Al Sweigart

Publisher: No Starch Press

Published: 2022-08-16

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 1718502036

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An accessible yet rigorous crash course on recursive programming using Python and JavaScript examples. Recursion has an intimidating reputation: it’s considered to be an advanced computer science topic frequently brought up in coding interviews. But there’s nothing magical about recursion. The Recursive Book of Recursion uses Python and JavaScript examples to teach the basics of recursion, exposing the ways that it’s often poorly taught and clarifying the fundamental principles of all recursive algorithms. You’ll learn when to use recursive functions (and, most importantly, when not to use them), how to implement the classic recursive algorithms often brought up in job interviews, and how recursive techniques can help solve countless problems involving tree traversal, combinatorics, and other tricky topics. This project-based guide contains complete, runnable programs to help you learn: How recursive functions make use of the call stack, a critical data structure almost never discussed in lessons on recursion How the head-tail and “leap of faith” techniques can simplify writing recursive functions How to use recursion to write custom search scripts for your filesystem, draw fractal art, create mazes, and more How optimization and memoization make recursive algorithms more efficient Al Sweigart has built a career explaining programming concepts in a fun, approachable manner. If you’ve shied away from learning recursion but want to add this technique to your programming toolkit, or if you’re racing to prepare for your next job interview, this book is for you.

Super-Recursive Algorithms
Super-Recursive Algorithms

Author: Mark Burgin

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-12-21

Total Pages: 314

ISBN-13: 0387268065

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* The first exposition on super-recursive algorithms, systematizing all main classes and providing an accessible, focused examination of the theory and its ramifications * Demonstrates how these algorithms are more appropriate as mathematical models for modern computers and how they present a better framework for computing methods * Develops a new practically-oriented perspective on the theory of algorithms, computation, and automata, as a whole

Stochastic Recursive Algorithms for Optimization
Stochastic Recursive Algorithms for Optimization

Author: S. Bhatnagar

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2012-08-11

Total Pages: 310

ISBN-13: 1447142853

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Stochastic Recursive Algorithms for Optimization presents algorithms for constrained and unconstrained optimization and for reinforcement learning. Efficient perturbation approaches form a thread unifying all the algorithms considered. Simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation and smooth fractional estimators for gradient- and Hessian-based methods are presented. These algorithms: • are easily implemented; • do not require an explicit system model; and • work with real or simulated data. Chapters on their application in service systems, vehicular traffic control and communications networks illustrate this point. The book is self-contained with necessary mathematical results placed in an appendix. The text provides easy-to-use, off-the-shelf algorithms that are given detailed mathematical treatment so the material presented will be of significant interest to practitioners, academic researchers and graduate students alike. The breadth of applications makes the book appropriate for reader from similarly diverse backgrounds: workers in relevant areas of computer science, control engineering, management science, applied mathematics, industrial engineering and operations research will find the content of value.

Stochastic Approximation and Recursive Algorithms and Applications
Stochastic Approximation and Recursive Algorithms and Applications

Author: Harold Kushner

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2006-05-04

Total Pages: 485

ISBN-13: 038721769X

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This book presents a thorough development of the modern theory of stochastic approximation or recursive stochastic algorithms for both constrained and unconstrained problems. This second edition is a thorough revision, although the main features and structure remain unchanged. It contains many additional applications and results as well as more detailed discussion.

Introduction to Recursive Programming
Introduction to Recursive Programming

Author: Manuel Rubio-Sanchez

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-10-05

Total Pages: 451

ISBN-13: 1498735304

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Recursion is one of the most fundamental concepts in computer science and a key programming technique that allows computations to be carried out repeatedly. Despite the importance of recursion for algorithm design, most programming books do not cover the topic in detail, despite the fact that numerous computer programming professors and researchers in the field of computer science education agree that recursion is difficult for novice students. Introduction to Recursive Programming provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to recursion. This text will serve as a useful guide for anyone who wants to learn how to think and program recursively, by analyzing a wide variety of computational problems of diverse difficulty. It contains specific chapters on the most common types of recursion (linear, tail, and multiple), as well as on algorithm design paradigms in which recursion is prevalent (divide and conquer, and backtracking). Therefore, it can be used in introductory programming courses, and in more advanced classes on algorithm design. The book also covers lower-level topics related to iteration and program execution, and includes a rich chapter on the theoretical analysis of the computational cost of recursive programs, offering readers the possibility to learn some basic mathematics along the way. It also incorporates several elements aimed at helping students master the material. First, it contains a larger collection of simple problems in order to provide a solid foundation of the core concepts, before diving into more complex material. In addition, one of the book's main assets is the use of a step-by-step methodology, together with specially designed diagrams, for guiding and illustrating the process of developing recursive algorithms. Furthermore, the book covers combinatorial problems and mutual recursion. These topics can broaden students' understanding of recursion by forcing them to apply the learned concepts differently, or in a more sophisticated manner. The code examples have been written in Python 3, but should be straightforward to understand for students with experience in other programming languages. Finally, worked out solutions to over 120 end-of-chapter exercises are available for instructors.

PHP 7 Data Structures and Algorithms
PHP 7 Data Structures and Algorithms

Author: Mizanur Rahman

Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd

Published: 2017-05-26

Total Pages: 330

ISBN-13: 1786463571

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Increase your productivity by implementing data structures About This Book Gain a complete understanding of data structures using a simple approach Analyze algorithms and learn when you should apply each solution Explore the true potential of functional data structures Who This Book Is For This book is for those who want to learn data structures and algorithms with PHP for better control over application-solution, efficiency, and optimization. A basic understanding of PHP data types, control structures, and other basic features is required What You Will Learn Gain a better understanding of PHP arrays as a basic data structure and their hidden power Grasp how to analyze algorithms and the Big O Notation Implement linked lists, double linked lists, stack, queues, and priority queues using PHP Work with sorting, searching, and recursive algorithms Make use of greedy, dynamic, and pattern matching algorithms Implement tree, heaps, and graph algorithms Apply PHP functional data structures and built-in data structures and algorithms In Detail PHP has always been the the go-to language for web based application development, but there are materials and resources you can refer to to see how it works. Data structures and algorithms help you to code and execute them effectively, cutting down on processing time significantly. If you want to explore data structures and algorithms in a practical way with real-life projects, then this book is for you. The book begins by introducing you to data structures and algorithms and how to solve a problem from beginning to end using them. Once you are well aware of the basics, it covers the core aspects like arrays, listed lists, stacks and queues. It will take you through several methods of finding efficient algorithms and show you which ones you should implement in each scenario. In addition to this, you will explore the possibilities of functional data structures using PHP and go through advanced algorithms and graphs as well as dynamic programming. By the end, you will be confident enough to tackle both basic and advanced data structures, understand how they work, and know when to use them in your day-to-day work Style and approach An easy-to-follow guide full of examples of implementation of data structures and real world examples to solve the problems faced. Each topic is first explained in general terms and then implemented using step by step explanation so that developers can understand each part of the discussion without any problem.

Computer Algorithms C++
Computer Algorithms C++

Author: Ellis Horowitz

Publisher: Macmillan

Published: 1997

Total Pages: 800

ISBN-13: 9780716783152

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The author team that established its reputation nearly twenty years ago with Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms offers this new title, available in both pseudocode and C++ versions. Ideal for junior/senior level courses in the analysis of algorithms, this well-researched text takes a theoretical approach to the subject, creating a basis for more in-depth study and providing opportunities for hands-on learning. Emphasizing design technique, the text uses exciting, state-of-the-art examples to illustrate design strategies.

Introduction to Recursive Programming
Introduction to Recursive Programming

Author: Manuel Rubio-Sanchez

Publisher: CRC Press

Published: 2017-10-05

Total Pages: 400

ISBN-13: 1351647172

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Recursion is one of the most fundamental concepts in computer science and a key programming technique that allows computations to be carried out repeatedly. Despite the importance of recursion for algorithm design, most programming books do not cover the topic in detail, despite the fact that numerous computer programming professors and researchers in the field of computer science education agree that recursion is difficult for novice students. Introduction to Recursive Programming provides a detailed and comprehensive introduction to recursion. This text will serve as a useful guide for anyone who wants to learn how to think and program recursively, by analyzing a wide variety of computational problems of diverse difficulty. It contains specific chapters on the most common types of recursion (linear, tail, and multiple), as well as on algorithm design paradigms in which recursion is prevalent (divide and conquer, and backtracking). Therefore, it can be used in introductory programming courses, and in more advanced classes on algorithm design. The book also covers lower-level topics related to iteration and program execution, and includes a rich chapter on the theoretical analysis of the computational cost of recursive programs, offering readers the possibility to learn some basic mathematics along the way. It also incorporates several elements aimed at helping students master the material. First, it contains a larger collection of simple problems in order to provide a solid foundation of the core concepts, before diving into more complex material. In addition, one of the book's main assets is the use of a step-by-step methodology, together with specially designed diagrams, for guiding and illustrating the process of developing recursive algorithms. Furthermore, the book covers combinatorial problems and mutual recursion. These topics can broaden students' understanding of recursion by forcing them to apply the learned concepts differently, or in a more sophisticated manner. The code examples have been written in Python 3, but should be straightforward to understand for students with experience in other programming languages. Finally, worked out solutions to over 120 end-of-chapter exercises are available for instructors.

Think Like a Programmer
Think Like a Programmer

Author: V. Anton Spraul

Publisher: No Starch Press

Published: 2012-08-12

Total Pages: 260

ISBN-13: 1593274564

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The real challenge of programming isn't learning a language's syntax—it's learning to creatively solve problems so you can build something great. In this one-of-a-kind text, author V. Anton Spraul breaks down the ways that programmers solve problems and teaches you what other introductory books often ignore: how to Think Like a Programmer. Each chapter tackles a single programming concept, like classes, pointers, and recursion, and open-ended exercises throughout challenge you to apply your knowledge. You'll also learn how to: –Split problems into discrete components to make them easier to solve –Make the most of code reuse with functions, classes, and libraries –Pick the perfect data structure for a particular job –Master more advanced programming tools like recursion and dynamic memory –Organize your thoughts and develop strategies to tackle particular types of problems Although the book's examples are written in C++, the creative problem-solving concepts they illustrate go beyond any particular language; in fact, they often reach outside the realm of computer science. As the most skillful programmers know, writing great code is a creative art—and the first step in creating your masterpiece is learning to Think Like a Programmer.

Recursive Functionals
Recursive Functionals

Author: L.E. Sanchis

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1992-05-18

Total Pages: 276

ISBN-13: 9780080887173

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This work is a self-contained elementary exposition of the theory of recursive functionals, that also includes a number of advanced results. Although aiming basically at a theory of higher order computability, attention is restricted to second order functionals, where the arguments are numerical functions and the values, when defined, are natural numbers. This theory is somewhat special, for to some extent it can be reduced to first order theory, but when properly extended and relativized it requires the full machinery of higher order computations. In the theory of recursive monotonic functionals the author formulates a reasonable notion of computation which provides the right frame for what appears to be a convincing form of the extended Church's thesis. At the same time, the theory provides sufficient room to formulate the classical results that are usually derived in terms of singular functionals. Presented are complete proofs of Gandy's selector theorem, Kleene's theorem on hyperarithmetical predicates, and Grilliot's theorem on effectively discontinuous functionals.