Fundamental Aspects of Inert Gases in Solids

Fundamental Aspects of Inert Gases in Solids

Author: S.E. Donnelly

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2013-12-20

Total Pages: 458

ISBN-13: 1489936807

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The NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fundamental Aspects of Inert Gases in Solids, held at Bonas, France from 16-22 September 1990, was the fifth in a series of meetings that have been held in this topic area since 1979. The Consultants' Meeting in that year at Harwell on Rare Gas Behaviour in Metals and Ionic Solids was followed in 1982 by the Jiilich Inter national Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of Helium in Metals. Two smaller meetings have followed-a CECAM organised workshop on Helium Bubbles in Metals was held at Orsay, France in 1986 while in February 1989, a Topical Symposium on Noble Gases in Metals was held in Las Vegas as part of the large TMS/AIME Spring Meeting. As is well known, the dominating feature of inert gas atoms in most solids is their high heat of solution, leading in most situations to an essentially zero solubility and gas-atom precipita tion. In organising the workshop, one particular aim was to target the researchers in the field of inert-gas/solid interactions from three different areas--namely metals, tritides and nuclear fuels-in order to encourage and foster the cross-fertilisation of approaches and ideas. In these three material classes, the behaviour of inert gases in metals has probably been most studied, partly from technological considerations-the effects of helium production via (n, a) reac tions during neutron irradiation are of importance, particularly in a fusion reactor environ ment-and partly from a more fundamental viewpoint.


Volatiles in the Martian Crust

Volatiles in the Martian Crust

Author: Justin Filiberto

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2018-08-30

Total Pages: 427

ISBN-13: 012804201X

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Volatiles in the Martian Crust is a vital reference for future missions - including ESA's EXO Mars and NASA's Mars2020 rover - looking for evidence of life on Mars and the potential for habitability and human exploration of the Martian crust. Mars science is a rapidly evolving topic with new data returned from the planet on a daily basis. The book presents chapters written by well-established experts who currently focus on the topic, providing the reader with a fresh, up-to-date and accurate view. Organized into two main sections, the first half of the book focuses on the Martian meteorites and specific volatile elements. The second half of the book explores processes and locations on the crust, including what we have learned about volatile mobility in the Martian crust. Coverage includes data from orbiter and in situ rovers and landers, geochemical and geophysical modeling, and combined data from the SNC meteorites. - Presents information about the nature, relationship, and reactivity of chemical elements and compounds on Mars - Explores the potential habitability of Mars - Provides a comprehensive view of volatiles in the Martian crust from studies of actual samples as well as from the variety of landed missions, including the MER and Curiosity rovers - Delivers a vital reference for ongoing and future missions to Mars while synthesizing large data sets and research on volatiles in the Martian atmosphere - Concludes with an informative summary chapter that looks to future Mars missions and what might be learned


Electronic Excitations in Liquefied Rare Gases

Electronic Excitations in Liquefied Rare Gases

Author: Werner F. Schmidt

Publisher:

Published: 2005

Total Pages: 504

ISBN-13:

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Electronic Excitations in Liquefied Rare Gases is a unique and only reference source that reviews the research and development of liquefied rare gases, which took place over a period of last 50 years. Liquefied rare gases are the simplest dielectric liquids, which are insulators from a physical point of view. While the gaseous and solid state of matter have received intensive attention from the begining of modern science, the knowledge about liquids remained undocumented so far. Liquids exhibit local order as solids and long-range disorder as gases. Fundamental problems related to the generation, transport and recombination of charge carriers in liquefied rare gases could be studied under controlled conditions since liquid samples of extremely high purity can be prepared. Liquefied rare gases have found applications in physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, and materials science. In this volume, world-leading scientists have summarized the knowledge gained about electronic processes in these liquids. The topics are interesting for scientists working in fundamental research as well for those applying liquefied rare gases in experimental or technical devices. The book contains 15 review chapters on different aspects of liquefied rare gases. Such an in depth compilations of knowledge in this field has not been published as of today. The topics of this book concentrate on the processes of electronic excitation, which are of general fundamental interest and have found applications in detectors for high energy physics, light sources for the extreme ultraviolet, etc. just to name a few.


Silicate Glasses and Melts

Silicate Glasses and Melts

Author: Bjorn Mysen

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2018-11-27

Total Pages: 722

ISBN-13: 0444637095

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Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. - Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems - Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure - Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties - Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society


Handbook of Elastic Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases, Four-Volume Set

Handbook of Elastic Properties of Solids, Liquids, and Gases, Four-Volume Set

Author: Moises Levy

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2000-10-23

Total Pages: 2513

ISBN-13: 0080924255

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Sound waves propagate through galactic space, through two-dimensional solids, through biological systems, through normal and dense stars, and through everything that surrounds us; the earth, the sea, and the air. We use sound to locate objects, to identify objects, to understand processes going on in nature, to communicate, and to entertain. The elastic properties of materials determine the velocity of sound in them and tell us about their response to stresses something which is very important when we are trying to construct, manufacture, or create something with any material. The Handbook of Elastic Properties of Materials will provide these characteristics for almost everything whose elastic properties has ever been measured or deduced in a concise and approachable manner. Leading experts will explain the significance of the elastic properties as they relate to intrinsic microscopic behavior, to manufacturing, to construction, or to diagnosis. They will discuss the propagation of sound in newly discovered or created materials, and in common materials which are being investigated with a fresh outlook. The Handbook will provide the reader with the elastic properties of the common and mundane, the novel and unique, the immense and the microscopic, and the exhorbitantly dense and the ephemeral.. You will also find the measurement. And theoretical techniques that have been developed and invented in order to extract these properties from a reluctant nature and recalcitrant systems. Key Features * Solids, liquids and gases covered in one handbook * Articles by experts describing insights developed over long and Illustrious careers * Properties of esoteric substances, such as normal and dense stars, superfluid helium three, fullerness, two dimensional solids, extraterrestial substances, gems and planetary atmospheres * Properties of common materials such as food, wood used for musical instruments, paper, cement, and cork * Modern dynamic elastic properties measurement techniques


Solid State Physics

Solid State Physics

Author: Giuseppe Grosso

Publisher: Academic Press

Published: 2013-10-17

Total Pages: 873

ISBN-13: 0123850312

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Solid State Physics is a textbook for students of physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. It is the state-of-the-art presentation of the theoretical foundations and application of the quantum structure of matter and materials. This second edition provides timely coverage of the most important scientific breakthroughs of the last decade (especially in low-dimensional systems and quantum transport). It helps build readers' understanding of the newest advances in condensed matter physics with rigorous yet clear mathematics. Examples are an integral part of the text, carefully designed to apply the fundamental principles illustrated in the text to currently active topics of research. Basic concepts and recent advances in the field are explained in tutorial style and organized in an intuitive manner. The book is a basic reference work for students, researchers, and lecturers in any area of solid-state physics. - Features additional material on nanostructures, giving students and lecturers the most significant features of low-dimensional systems, with focus on carbon allotropes - Offers detailed explanation of dissipative and nondissipative transport, and explains the essential aspects in a field, which is commonly overlooked in textbooks - Additional material in the classical and quantum Hall effect offers further aspects on magnetotransport, with particular emphasis on the current profiles - Gives a broad overview of the band structure of solids, as well as presenting the foundations of the electronic band structure. Also features reported with new and revised material, which leads to the latest research


Krypton, Xenon & Radon

Krypton, Xenon & Radon

Author: H. L. Clever

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 2013-10-22

Total Pages: 378

ISBN-13: 1483285480

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Solubility Data Series, Volume 2: Krypton, Xenon, and Radon – Gas Solubilities is a three-chapter text that presents the solubility data of various forms of the title compounds in different substrates. This series emerged from the fundamental trend of the Solubility Data Project, which is toward integration of secondary and tertiary services to produce in-depth critical analysis and evaluation. Each chapter deals with the experimental solubility data of the noble gases in several substrates, including water, salt solutions, organic compounds, and biological fluids. This book will prove useful to chemists, researchers, and students.