Quantitative Geology of Late Jurassic Epicontinental Sediments in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland
Quantitative Geology of Late Jurassic Epicontinental Sediments in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland

Author: Reinhart A. Gygi

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-22

Total Pages: 214

ISBN-13: 303480136X

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The book summarizes about 40 years of the author’s research on sedimentary geology in an epicontinental (shelf) sea during the Late Jurassic in northern Switzerland. It presents a synopsis of the interplay of varying paleoclimate, of sea level variations, of varying water depth, of sea floor topography, of vertical and lateral facies changes, of processes of sedimentation like aggradation and progradation, of compaction, of the great regional differences in rates of sedimentation and in isostatic equilibration of the lithosphere under load, and of concomitant synsedimentary tectonics. Regional variation in isostatic adjustment of the lithosphere to the increasing load of sediments is analyzed by means of time correlations based on a detailed biochronology of ammonites in combination with mineral stratigraphy using the comparatively stable clay mineral kaolinite, and with sequence stratigraphy.

Paleontological Collections of Germany, Austria and Switzerland
Paleontological Collections of Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Author: Lothar A. Beck

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-11-19

Total Pages: 566

ISBN-13: 3319774018

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This book is devoted to 250 years of collecting, organizing and preserving paleontological specimens by generations of scientists. Paleontological collections are a huge resource for modern research and should be available for national and international scientists and institutions, as well as prospective public and private customers. These collections are an important part of the scientific enterprise, supporting research, public education, and the documentation of past biodiversity. Much of what we are beginning to understand about our world, we owe to the collection, preservation, and ongoing study of natural specimens. Properly preserved collections of fossil marine or terrestrial plants and animals are archives of Earth's history and vital to our ability to learn about our place in its future. The approach employed by the editors involves not only an introduction to the paleontological collections in general, but also information on the international and national collection networks. Particular attention is given to new exhibition concepts and approaches of sorting, preserving and researching in paleontological collections and also their neglect and/or threat. In addition, the book provides information on all big public museums, on important state museums and regional Museums, and also on university collections. This is a highly informative and carefully presented book, providing scientific insight for readers with an interest in fossil record, biodiversity, taxonomy, or evolution, as well as natural history collections at large.

IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 4
IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 4

Author: Abdul Shakoor

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-08-25

Total Pages: 122

ISBN-13: 3319931334

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This book is one out of six IAEG XIII Congress and AEG 61st Annual Meeting proceeding volumes, and deals with topics related to dams, tunnels, groundwater resources, and climate change. The theme of the IAEG/AEG Meeting, held in San Francisco from September 17-21, 2018, is Engineering Geology for a Sustainable World. The meeting proceedings analyze the dynamic role of engineering geology in our changing world. The meeting topics and subject areas of the six volumes are: Slope Stability: Case Histories, Landslide Mapping, Emerging Technologies; Geotechnical and Environmental Site Characterization; Mining, Aggregates, Karst; Dams, Tunnels, Groundwater Resources, Climate Change; Geologic Hazards: Earthquakes, Land Subsidence, Coastal Hazards, and Emergency Response; and Advances in Engineering Geology: Education, Soil and Rock Properties, Modeling.

Geology of the Alps
Geology of the Alps

Author: O. Adrian Pfiffner

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons

Published: 2014-06-03

Total Pages: 402

ISBN-13: 1118708121

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The Alps, with their outstanding outcrop conditions, represent a superb natural laboratory for many geological processes, and have played a crucial role in the history of geology. This book gives an up-to-date and holistic overview of the key aspects of Alpine geology. After a brief presentation of the plate tectonic framework, the rock suites are discussed, starting with the pre-Triassic crystalline basement, followed by Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary sequences. The lithological description of the rock types is supplemented by a discussion of their paleogeographic and plate tectonic contexts. The book goes on to describe the structure of the Alps (including the Jura Mountains and the Alpine foreland to the north and south) illustrated by numerous cross-sections. The evolution of the Alps as a mountain chain incorporates a discussion of the Alpine metamorphic history and a compilation of orogenic timetables. The final sections cover the evolution of Alpine drainage patterns and the region’s glacial history. Readership: The book is essential reading for students and lecturers on Alpine courses and excursions, and all earth-scientists interested in the geology of the region.

Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory
Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch Theory

Author: W. Schwarzacher

Publisher: Elsevier

Published: 1993-08-24

Total Pages: 239

ISBN-13: 0080869661

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Cyclostratigraphy is concerned primarily with measuring geological time and the time units used in this approach are sedimentary cycles. Milankovitch cycles mark time intervals of tens of thousands to several millions of years. Such cycles are the result of variations in the Earth's position in relation to the Sun and these in turn determine the climatic variations. The Milankovitch theory was resurrected in the 1960's when evidence from Pleistocene deep sea sediments linked orbital variations and climate.This monograph discusses sedimentary cycles and their use in measuring geologic time. There is considerable effort made to clarify the term "sedimentary cycle", in particular, the two opposing concepts of cyclic stratification and event stratification. The recognition of sedimentary cycles and of Milankovitch cycles specifically, is considered and care is taken with the question of relating sediment thickness to time. Several examples from the Carboniferous to the Cretaceous are given to show how cyclostratigraphy can be applied to current geological problems. This volume should be of interest to geologists involved with stratigraphical analysis and basin analysis.

Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions
Siliceous Deposits of the Tethys and Pacific Regions

Author: James R. Hein

Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media

Published: 2012-12-06

Total Pages: 246

ISBN-13: 1461234948

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Because of the biological origin of many siliceous deposits, their geochemical transformation in the marine environment, and their occurrence in many formations around the world, oceanographers, paleontologists, geologists, geochemists, and sedimentologists are working closely together to trace the evolution of such deposits. In this book, leading experts from all of these disciplines present new data on fine-grained deposits such as chert, primarily of the Tethys region but also of the Pacific. Much of the information presented here was gathered recently in coordinated international research projects and is made available in English for the first time.

The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach
The Geology of Iberia: A Geodynamic Approach

Author: Cecilio Quesada

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2019-06-28

Total Pages: 589

ISBN-13: 3030112950

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Taking a new global approach, this unique book provides an updated review of the geology of Iberia and its continental margins from a geodynamic perspective. Owing to its location close to successive plate margins, Iberia has played a pivotal role in the geodynamic evolution of the Gondwanan, Rheic, Pangea, Tethys s.l. and Eurasian plates over the last 600 Ma of Earth's history. The geological record starts with the amalgamation of Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic succeeded by the rifting and spreading of the Rheic ocean; its demise, which led to the amalgamation of Pangea in the late Paleozoic; the rifting and spreading of several arms of the Neotethys ocean in the Mesozoic Era and their ongoing closure, which was responsible for the Alpine orogeny. The significant advances in the last 20 years have attracted international research interest in the geology of the Iberian Peninsula. This volume presents the most comprehensive, and updated description of the Alpine cycle in Iberia. This volume focuses in the different geological events during the Alpine orogeny as well as the lithological succession . This book is of interest not only for scientists of Portugal and Spain but also for geoscientists searching for analogies for oil and gas as well as tourists visiting the main mountain ridges of Iberia such as the Pyrenees.

Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America
Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America

Author: Fabio Cediel

Publisher: Springer

Published: 2018-08-10

Total Pages: 1010

ISBN-13: 3319761323

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This book provides a comprehensive overview of the geological evolution of the Northern Andes and contiguous shield areas, with a focus upon Colombia. Updated geological interpretations are supported by modern lithogeochemical, seismic, gravity and magnetic data and radiogenic isotope and radiometric age determinations. The composite data permits a detailed interpretation of the tectono-magmatic history of the Northern Andean Block, including the Andes of Colombia, northern Ecuador, western Venezuela and eastern Panamá. Tectonic reconstructions based upon characterization of more than thirty litho-tectonic and morpho-structural units, terrane assemblages and tectonic realms, and their bounding suture and fault systems, highlight the intimate and complementary Mesozoic-Cenozoic history of the Northern Andean Block and the Pacific and Caribbean Plates. The complex nature of Northern Andean assembly contrasts with ‘‘classical’’ Central Andean ‘‘Cordilleran-type’’ orogenic models. Differences render the application of typical Cordilleran-type models inappropriate for the Colombian Andes. The importance of underlying Proterozoic through mid-Mesozoic elements, in the development of Meso-Cenozoic Northern Andean orogeny-phase tectonic configurations is analyzed in the light of spatial-temporal studies and reconstructions related to basin formation, sedimentation, deformation, uplift mechanisms, structural style and magmatic evolution. The pre-Andean architecture of north western South America has played a pre-determinative role in the development of the Northern Andean orogenic system. 16 contributions analyze key stratigraphic, structural, metamorphic, magmatic and tectonic questions, and provide solutions as far as the most recent published field-based studies permit. The volume provides geological interpretations and tectonic models which contrast with repetitive theoretical proposals frequently found in the available literature.